4. Computer Organization and Embedded System
4.1 Control and Central Processing Units
Control Memory, Addressing Sequencing
Computer Configuration, Microinstruction Format
Design of Control Unit, CPU Structure and Function
Arithmetic and Logic Unit
Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes
Data Transfer and Manipulation
RISC and CISC
Pipelining, Parallel Processing
4.2 Computer Arithmetic and Memory System
Arithmetic and Logical Operations
The Memory Hierarchy
Internal and External Memory
Cache Memory Principles
Elements of Cache Design: Cache Size, Mapping Function, Replacement Algorithm, Write Policy, Number of Caches, Memory Write Ability, and Storage Permanence
Composing Memory
4.3 Input-Output Organization and Multiprocessor
Peripheral Devices, I/O Modules
Input-output Interface
Modes of Transfer: Direct Memory Access
Characteristics of Multiprocessors
Interconnection Structure, Inter-Processor Communication and Synchronization
4.4 Hardware-Software Design Issues on Embedded System
Embedded Systems Overview
Classification of Embedded Systems
Custom Single-Purpose Processor Design
Optimizing Custom Single-Purpose Processors
Basic Architecture, Operation, and Programmer’s View
Development Environment
Application-Specific Instruction-Set Processors
4.5 Real-Time Operating and Control System
Operating System Basics: Task, Process, and Threads
Multiprocessing and Multitasking
Task Scheduling, Task Synchronization
Device Drivers
Open-loop and Close-loop Control System Overview, Control
4.6 Hardware Description Language and IC Technology
VHDL Overview
Overflow and Data Representation Using VHDL
Design of Combinational and Sequential Logic Using VHDL
Pipelining Using VHDL
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