1. What is the formula for no-load voltage gain in a common emitter configuration?
Av=reRC
Av=−reβRC
Av=reβRC
Av=−reRC
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. Av=−reβRC
Explanation:
The no-load voltage gain in a common emitter configuration is given by Av=−reβRC, where β is the current gain, RC is the collector resistance, and re is the intrinsic emitter resistance.
2. What are the types of perspective projection?
One-point and two-point perspective
Two-point and three-point perspective
One-point, two-point, and three-point perspective
Only one-point perspective
Show me the answer
Answer:
3. One-point, two-point, and three-point perspective
Explanation:
Perspective projection can be classified into one-point, two-point, and three-point perspectives, depending on how many vanishing points are present.
3. In a semaphore problem, what does "18P, xV, ..." represent?
18 signal operations and x wait operations
18 wait operations and x signal operations
18 processes and x variables
18 producers and x consumers
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. 18 wait operations and x signal operations
Explanation:
In semaphore terminology, P represents the wait operation, while V represents the signal operation. Therefore, "18P" indicates 18 wait operations.
4. What is the latest amendment to the Labor Act?
2072
2073
2074
2075
Show me the answer
Answer:
3. 2074
Explanation:
The latest amendment to the Labor Act was made in 2074 BS (2017 AD).
5. How many parallel TCP connections does FTP typically use?
1
2
3
4
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. 2
Explanation:
FTP typically uses two parallel TCP connections: one for control commands and the other for data transfer.
6. Which of the following is based on the principle of conservation of charge?
KCL
KVL
Ohm's Law
Coulomb's Law
Show me the answer
Answer:
KCL
Explanation:Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) is based on the principle of conservation of electric charge.
7. What is the primary purpose of a Project Charter?
To outline the project scope and objectives
To define the project schedule
To identify project risks
To allocate project resources
Show me the answer
Answer:
To outline the project scope and objectives
Explanation:
A Project Charter is a document that outlines the project's scope, objectives, and stakeholders at a high level.
8. How many transistors are used in Class A amplifiers?
1
2
3
4
Show me the answer
Answer:
1
Explanation:
A Class A amplifier typically uses one transistor for amplification, operating in the active region for the entire input signal cycle.
9. What is the purpose of Gradient Descent?
To maximize a function
To minimize a function by iteratively moving in the direction of steepest descent
To find the global maximum of a function
To solve linear equations
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. To minimize a function by iteratively moving in the direction of steepest descent
Explanation:Gradient Descent is an optimization algorithm used to minimize a function by iteratively moving towards the steepest descent direction, based on the gradient of the function.
10. The Waterfall model is the oldest approach for what purpose?
Software engineering
Software planning
Hardware design
Project management
Show me the answer
Answer:
Software engineering
Explanation:
The Waterfall model is the oldest and most traditional approach used in software engineering for systematic and sequential software development.
11. What is the IEEE standard for wireless networks?
801.11
802.11
803.11
804.11
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. 802.11
Explanation:
The IEEE 802.11 standard defines the protocols for implementing wireless local area networks (WLANs).
12. What is Fan-out in digital circuits?
Number of inputs connected without degrading voltage
Number of standard loads that the output of a logic gate can drive
The speed at which a logic gate can operate
The power consumption of a logic gate
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. Number of standard loads that the output of a logic gate can drive
Explanation:Fan-out is the number of standard loads that a digital logic gate can drive while maintaining specified output voltage levels.
13. What is the total number of registered professional engineers in NEC?
51
61
71
81
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. 61
Explanation:
The total number of registered professional engineers in Nepal Engineering Council (NEC) is 61.
14. What is a viewport?
A virtual machine
A type of computer monitor
Visible area of a web page in a browser window
A graphics card component
Show me the answer
Answer:
3. Visible area of a web page in a browser window
Explanation:
A viewport is the portion of a web page that is visible within the browser window, excluding scrollable content outside the frame.
15. What is a feature of the 8086 microprocessor's internal architecture?
8-bit data bus
16-bit data bus
32-bit data bus
64-bit data bus
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. 16-bit data bus
Explanation:
The 8086 microprocessor has a 16-bit data bus, meaning it can transfer 16 bits of data simultaneously.
16. What does GUI stand for?
General User Interface
Graphical User Interface
Global User Interaction
Guided User Input
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. Graphical User Interface
Explanation:GUI stands for Graphical User Interface, which allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators.
17. What does an IP address contain?
Only network portion
Only host portion
Network and host portions
MAC address
Show me the answer
Answer:
3. Network and host portions
Explanation:
An IP address consists of a network portion and a host portion, used to identify devices in a network.
18. What type of value is a 230V rating on a heater?
Peak value
Average value
RMS (Root Mean Square) value
Instantaneous value
Show me the answer
Answer:
3. RMS (Root Mean Square) value
Explanation:
The 230V rating on a heater refers to its RMS voltage, which represents the effective voltage in an AC circuit.
19. Which function is typically used to classify into 3 or more classes?
Sigmoid function
ReLU function
Softmax function
Tanh function
Show me the answer
Answer:
3. Softmax function
Explanation:
The Softmax function is commonly used for multi-class classification problems, where it outputs a probability distribution over multiple classes.
20. What is a contingent project?
A project with uncertain funding
A project that depends on the outcome of another project
A project with high risk
A project with multiple stakeholders
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. A project that depends on the outcome of another project
Explanation:
A contingent project is one that is dependent on the completion or outcome of another project before it can proceed.
Rational numbers
Real numbers
Relative numbers
Random numbers
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. Real numbers
22. Which is considered the fastest line drawing algorithm?
DDA algorithm
Bresenham's algorithm
Midpoint algorithm
Xiaolin Wu's algorithm
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. Bresenham's algorithm
Explanation:Bresenham's algorithm is widely considered one of the fastest and most efficient line drawing algorithms due to its use of integer calculations.
23. What shape does a unit square become after shearing?
Rectangle
Parallelogram
Rhombus
Trapezoid
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. Parallelogram
Explanation:
When a unit square undergoes shearing, it transforms into a parallelogram.
24. What is the worst-case time complexity of Shell sort?
Show me the answer
25. What is the tenure of the registrar of NEC (Nepal Engineering Council)?
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 years
Show me the answer
Answer:
3. 4 years
Explanation:
The tenure of the registrar of the Nepal Engineering Council (NEC) is 4 years.
26. What is the objective of NEA?
To regulate engineering practices in Nepal
To promote development of engineering science and technology in Nepal
To provide engineering education in Nepal
To certify engineering projects in Nepal
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. To promote development of engineering science and technology in Nepal
Explanation:
The Nepal Engineers' Association (NEA) aims to promote the development of engineering science and technology in Nepal.
27. Which of the following is not an application layer protocol?
FTP
SMTP
HTTP
TCP
Show me the answer
Answer:
4. TCP
Explanation:TCP is a transport layer protocol, while FTP, SMTP, and HTTP are application layer protocols.
28. How many resonance frequencies does a crystal typically have?
1
2
3
4
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. 2
Explanation:
A crystal typically has two resonance frequencies: series and parallel resonance frequencies.
29. How many flip-flops are required for representing flags of 8085?
5
6
8
10
Show me the answer
Answer:
5
Explanation:
The 8085 microprocessor has 5 flags (Sign, Zero, Auxiliary Carry, Parity, and Carry), so it requires 5 flip-flops to represent them.
30. Warshall algorithm gives:
Transitive closure
Shortest distance
Minimum spanning tree
Topological sorting
Show me the answer
Answer:
Transitive closure
Explanation:Warshall's algorithm computes the transitive closure of a directed graph by determining the reachability of vertices.
31. Which bias configuration is most stable?
Voltage Divider
CE
CB
CC
Show me the answer
Answer:
Voltage Divider
32. SR flip-flop is called:
Monostable
Bistable multivibrator
Astable multivibrator
Schmitt trigger
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. Bistable multivibrator
Explanation:
The SR flip-flop is a type of bistable multivibrator because it has two stable states.
33. Iterative Deepening DFS space complexity is:
Show me the answer
34. ANN doesn't have:
Explanation of results
Learning capability
Parallel processing
Fault tolerance
Show me the answer
Answer:
Explanation of results
Explanation:Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) lack transparency in their decision-making process, which means they cannot easily provide an explanation of results.
35. What is a key property of bilateral circuits?
They only allow current to flow in one direction
They have different impedances for different directions of current flow
They have the same impedance regardless of the direction of current flow
They require AC power sources to function
Show me the answer
Answer:
3. They have the same impedance regardless of the direction of current flow
Explanation:
A bilateral circuit exhibits the same impedance regardless of the direction of current flow, which makes it symmetric.
36. Signed int are present in which C++ library?
std_1164
std_arth
cstdint
iostream
Show me the answer
Answer:
3. cstdint
Explanation:
The cstdint library in C++ provides fixed-width integer types like signed int and unsigned int.
37. C++ program for loop syntax is:
for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement)
for (condition; initialization; increment/decrement)
for (increment/decrement; condition; initialization)
for (condition; increment/decrement; initialization)
Show me the answer
Answer:
for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement)
Explanation:
The correct for loop syntax in C++ is for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement).
38. In a program, int *p = NULL means:
Invalid assignment
Show me the answer
Answer:
39. If a derived class has a constructor, which of the following is true?
Constructor of derived is called first and then that of base class
Constructor of base class is called first and then that of derived class
Only the derived class constructor is called
Only the base class constructor is called
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. Constructor of base class is called first and then that of derived class
Explanation:
In C++, the base class constructor is always called first, followed by the derived class constructor.
40. Pumping Lemma is used to detect:
Regular language
Non-regular language
CFG
Recursively enumerable language
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. Non-regular language
Explanation:
The Pumping Lemma is a property used to prove that a language is non-regular by showing that no finite state automaton can recognize it.
41. Non-maskable interrupt is:
TRAP
INTR
RST 7.5
HOLD
Show me the answer
Answer:
TRAP
Explanation:TRAP is a non-maskable interrupt in the 8085 microprocessor, meaning it cannot be disabled by software.
42. In a Sequence diagram, vertical line indicates:
Time
Message
Object
Class
Show me the answer
Answer:
Time
Explanation:
In a Sequence diagram, the vertical line represents time progression, while horizontal arrows indicate messages.
43. 8085 register connected to data bus:
IR
MBR
PC
MAR
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. MBR
Explanation:
The Memory Buffer Register (MBR) is directly connected to the data bus for reading or writing data.
44. IPSec mode for privacy, integrity, and authenticity:
Tunnel mode
Transport mode
Hybrid mode
Encapsulation mode
Show me the answer
Answer:
Tunnel mode
Explanation:Tunnel mode in IPSec provides privacy, integrity, and authenticity by encapsulating the entire IP packet.
45. If an SMTP server sends mail to another server, it is:
SMTP client
SMTP server
POP3 client
IMAP client
Show me the answer
Answer:
SMTP client
Explanation:
When an SMTP server sends mail to another SMTP server, it acts as an SMTP client.
46. Connection-less protocol:
UDP
TCP
HTTP
FTP
Show me the answer
Answer:
UDP
Explanation:UDP is a connection-less protocol, meaning it does not establish a connection before data transmission.
47. Finite state machine has how many tuples?
4
5
6
7
Show me the answer
Answer:
3. 6
48. Representation of composition of two TM languages:
Show me the answer
49. 2D transformations require:
1D plane
2D plane
3D plane
4D plane
Show me the answer
Answer:
2. 2D plane
Explanation:2D transformations are performed on a 2D plane involving operations like translation, scaling, and rotation.
Show me the answer
51. Direct Access is seen in:
disk
RAM
cache
register
Show me the answer
Answer:
a) disk
Explanation:Direct access refers to the ability to read or write data at any location in the storage device without sequentially accessing all previous data. This is seen in disk storage.
52. Incremental model is:
linear + waterfall
linear + RAD
iterative + waterfall
iterative + RAD
Show me the answer
Answer:
a) linear + waterfall
Explanation:
The incremental model combines linear and waterfall approaches, with software being developed in small, iterative steps or increments.
53. Optimization algorithms use:
heuristics
statistics
deterministic methods
brute force
Show me the answer
Answer:
a) heuristics
Explanation:Optimization algorithms often use heuristics, which are problem-solving techniques based on experience or intuition rather than precise methods.
Question 54: Process of developing modules from sub systems:
modular decomposition
modular composition
functional decomposition
structural composition
Show me the answer
Answer:
a) modular decomposition
Explanation:
The modular decomposition process involves breaking down larger subsystems into smaller, manageable modules.
Question 55: Which UML diagram is used to model the flow of control or data in a system?
UML Diagram
Activity Diagram
Sequence Diagram
Class Diagram
Show me the answer
Answer:
b) Activity Diagram
Explanation:
The Activity Diagram in UML is used to model workflows, representing the flow of control or data between activities.
Question 56: What does the association represent in UML?
Relationship between classes
Inheritance between classes
Dependency between objects
Encapsulation of data
Show me the answer
Answer:
a) Relationship between classes
Explanation:Association in UML represents a relationship between classes, indicating that objects of one class are connected to objects of another class.
Question 57: How many tuples does a Turing machine have?
5
6
7
8
Show me the answer
Answer:
c) 7
Question 58: To whom does the registrar submit annual plans and programs of council?
Government
PM
NEC
President
Show me the answer
Answer:
3) 3
Explanation:NEC (National Education Commission): The NEC is the body responsible for national education policy, and it would be the most likely recipient of annual plans and programs related to educational governance and reform.
Question 59: Port used for HTML:
80
443
21
25
Show me the answer
Answer:
a) 80
Explanation:Port 80 is the default port used for HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), which is commonly used to serve HTML pages.
Question 60: What is taken for repetitive analysis?
LCM
HCF
Mean
Mode
Show me the answer
Answer:
a) LCM
Explanation:LCM (Least Common Multiple) is often used for repetitive analysis, such as when determining intervals for repeating events or cycles.
21. In dimensionality, what does the symbol R typically refer to?
Explanation:
In dimensionality, R generally refers to the set of Real numbers, which represents continuous values.
O(n)
O(nlogn)
O(n2)
O(n3)
Answer:
3. O(n2)
Explanation:
The worst-case time complexity of Shell sort is O(n2) for the commonly used gap sequences.
Explanation:
The Voltage Divider Bias configuration is most stable because it provides better stabilization of the operating point against variations in β or temperature.
bd/2
O(bd)
O(d)
O(n)
Answer:
3. O(d)
Explanation:
The space complexity of Iterative Deepening Depth First Search (IDDFS) is O(d), where d is the depth of the solution.
p is a null pointer
p is an integer
p is a void pointer
p is a null pointer
Explanation:int *p = NULL means that p is a null pointer, which points to nothing.
Explanation:
A Finite State Machine (FSM) is defined by 6 tuples: (Q,Σ,δ,q0,F,T).
(TM1)∪(TM2)
TM1+TM2
TM1∗TM2
TM1∧TM2
Answer:
2. TM1+TM2
Explanation:
The composition of two Turing Machine languages is represented as TM1+TM2.
50. Binary tree of height h has at most ... nodes:
2h−1
2(h+1)−1
2h
2(h−1)
Answer:
2. 2(h+1)−1
Explanation:
A binary tree of height h can have at most 2(h+1)−1 nodes, assuming the height is measured starting from 0.
Explanation:
A Turing machine is formally defined by 7 tuples: (Q,Σ,δ,q0,F,T,Γ), representing its states, input alphabet, transition function, start state, final states, tape alphabet, and tape movement.