2. Digital Logic and Microprocessor

2.1 Digital Logic:

• Number systems, logic levels, logic gates, Boolean algebra.

• Sum-of-products and product-of-sums methods.

• Truth tables and Karnaugh maps.

2.2 Combinational and Arithmetic Circuits:

• Multiplexers, demultiplexers, decoders, and encoders.

• Binary addition and subtraction.

• Operations on signed and unsigned binary numbers.

2.3 Sequential Logic Circuits:

• RS flip-flops, gated flip-flops, edge-triggered flip-flops, and master-slave flip-flops.

• Types of registers and applications of registers.

• Asynchronous and synchronous counters.

2.4 Microprocessor:

• Internal architecture and features.

• Assembly language programming.

2.5 Microprocessor System:

• Memory device classification and hierarchy.

• Interfacing I/O and memory parallel interfaces.

• Introduction to PPI, serial interfaces, synchronous/asynchronous transmission, and DMA controllers.

2.6 Interrupt Operations:

• Interrupts, interrupt service routines, and interrupt processing.