3. Programming Language and Its Applications

3.1 Introduction to C Programming

  • C Tokens, Operators

  • Formatted/Unformatted Input/Output

  • Control Statements, Looping

  • User-defined Functions, Recursive Functions

  • Array (1-D, 2-D, Multidimensional), and String Manipulations

3.2 Pointers, Structure, and Data Files in C Programming

  • Pointer Arithmetic, Pointer and Array

  • Passing Pointer to Function

  • Structure vs Union, Array of Structure

  • Passing Structure to Function, Structure and Pointer

  • Input/Output Operations on Files

  • Sequential and Random Access to File

3.3 C++ Language Constructs with Objects and Classes

  • Namespace, Function Overloading

  • Inline Functions, Default Argument

  • Pass/Return by Reference

  • Introduction to Class and Object, Access Specifiers

  • Objects and the Member Access

  • Defining Member Functions, Constructor and Its Type, Destructor

  • Dynamic Memory Allocation for Objects and Object Array

  • This Pointer, Static Data Member and Static Function

  • Constant Member Functions and Constant Objects

  • Friend Function and Friend Classes

3.4 Features of Object-Oriented Programming

  • Operator Overloading (Unary, Binary), Data Conversion

  • Inheritance (Single, Multiple, Multilevel, Hybrid, Multipath)

  • Constructor/Destructor in Single/Multilevel Inheritances

3.5 Pure Virtual Function and File Handling

  • Virtual Function, Dynamic Binding

  • Defining, Opening, and Closing a File

  • Input/Output Operations on Files

  • Error Handling During Input/Output Operations

  • Stream Class Hierarchy for Console Input/Output

  • Unformatted Input/Output

  • Formatted Input/Output with ios Member Functions and Flags

  • Formatting with Manipulators

3.6 Generic Programming and Exception Handling

  • Function Template, Overloading Function Template

  • Class Template, Function Definition of Class Template

  • Standard Template Library (Containers, Algorithms, Iterators)

  • Exception Handling Constructs (try, catch, throw)

  • Multiple Exception Handling, Rethrowing Exception

  • Catching All Exceptions, Exception with Arguments

  • Exceptions Specification for Function

  • Handling Uncaught and Unexpected Exceptions

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