set-4

151. What is the subnet mask for a Class A IP address?

1. 255.0.0.0

2. 255.255.0.0

3. 255.255.255.0

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. 255.0.0.0

Explanation:

• The default subnet mask for Class A addresses is 255.0.0.0.

152. What is the maximum number of subnets that can be created using a Class A IP address?

1. 2^7 = 128

2. 2^14 = 16,384

3. 2^21 = 2,097,152

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 2^14 = 16,384

Explanation:

• Class A addresses can create up to 16,384 subnets.

153. What is the maximum number of hosts that can be assigned to a subnet using a Class A IP address?

1. 2^24 - 2 = 16,777,214

2. 2^16 - 2 = 65,534

3. 2^8 - 2 = 254

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. 2^24 - 2 = 16,777,214

Explanation:

• Class A addresses support up to 16,777,214 hosts per subnet.

154. What is the first valid host address in a Class A IP address with the network address 10.0.0.0 and subnet mask 255.0.0.0?

1. 10.0.0.1

2. 10.0.0.0

3. 10.255.255.255

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. 10.0.0.1

Explanation:

• The first valid host address in this case is 10.0.0.1.

155. What is the last valid host address in a Class A IP address with the network address 10.0.0.0 and subnet mask 255.0.0.0?

1. 10.255.255.254

2. 10.0.0.0

3. 10.0.0.1

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. 10.255.255.254

Explanation:

• The last valid host address in this case is 10.255.255.254.

156. What is a Class B IP address?

1. An IP address that has a large address space and is used for large networks

2. An IP address that has a moderate address space and is used for medium-sized networks

3. An IP address that has a small address space and is used for small networks

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. An IP address that has a moderate address space and is used for medium-sized networks

Explanation:

• Class B addresses have a moderate address space and are used for medium-sized networks.

157. What is the format of a Class B IP address?

1. The first octet of the IP address is used to identify the network and the remaining three octets are used to identify the host

2. The first two octets of the IP address are used to identify the network and the remaining two octets are used to identify the host

3. The first three octets of the IP address are used to identify the network and the remaining octet is used to identify the host

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. The first two octets of the IP address are used to identify the network and the remaining two octets are used to identify the host

Explanation:

• In Class B addresses, the first two octets identify the network, and the remaining two octets identify the host.

158. What is the range of the first octet in a Class B IP address?

1. 0 to 127

2. 128 to 191

3. 192 to 223

4. 224 to 255

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 128 to 191

Explanation:

• The first octet of a Class B address ranges from 128 to 191.

159. How many networks can be created using a Class B IP address?

1. 126

2. 16,384

3. 2,097,152

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 16,384

Explanation:

• Class B addresses support 16,384 networks.

160. How many hosts can be assigned to a network using a Class B IP address?

1. 16,777,214

2. 65,534

3. 254

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 65,534

Explanation:

• Class B addresses support up to 65,534 hosts per network.

161. What is the subnet mask for a Class B IP address?

1. 255.0.0.0

2. 255.255.0.0

3. 255.255.255.0

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 255.255.0.0

Explanation:

• The default subnet mask for Class B addresses is 255.255.0.0.

162. What is the maximum number of subnets that can be created using a Class B IP address?

1. 2^7 = 128

2. 2^14 = 16,384

3. 2^21 = 2,097,152

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 2^21 = 2,097,152

Explanation:

• Class B addresses can create up to 2,097,152 subnets.

163. What is the maximum number of hosts that can be assigned to a subnet using a Class B IP address?

1. 2^24 - 2 = 16,777,214

2. 2^16 - 2 = 65,534

3. 2^8 - 2 = 254

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 2^16 - 2 = 65,534

Explanation:

• Class B addresses support up to 65,534 hosts per subnet.

164. What is a Class C IP address?

1. An IP address that has a large address space and is used for large networks

2. An IP address that has a moderate address space and is used for medium-sized networks

3. An IP address that has a small address space and is used for small networks

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. An IP address that has a small address space and is used for small networks

Explanation:

• Class C addresses have a small address space and are used for small networks.

165. What is the format of a Class C IP address?

1. The first octet of the IP address is used to identify the network and the remaining three octets are used to identify the host

2. The first two octets of the IP address are used to identify the network and the remaining two octets are used to identify the host

3. The first three octets of the IP address are used to identify the network and the remaining octet is used to identify the host

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. The first three octets of the IP address are used to identify the network and the remaining octet is used to identify the host

Explanation:

• In Class C addresses, the first three octets identify the network, and the remaining octet identifies the host.

166. What is the range of the first octet in a Class C IP address?

1. 0 to 127

2. 128 to 191

3. 192 to 223

4. 224 to 255

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 192 to 223

Explanation:

• The first octet of a Class C address ranges from 192 to 223.

167. How many networks can be created using a Class C IP address?

1. 126

2. 16,384

3. 2,097,152

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 2,097,152

Explanation:

• Class C addresses support 2,097,152 networks.

168. How many hosts can be assigned to a network using a Class C IP address?

1. 16,777,214

2. 65,534

3. 254

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 254

Explanation:

• Class C addresses support up to 254 hosts per network.

169. What is the subnet mask for a Class C IP address?

1. 255.0.0.0

2. 255.255.0.0

3. 255.255.255.0

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 255.255.255.0

Explanation:

• The default subnet mask for Class C addresses is 255.255.255.0.

170. What is the maximum number of subnets that can be created using a Class C IP address?

1. 2^7 = 128

2. 2^14 = 16,384

3. 2^21 = 2,097,152

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. 2^7 = 128

Explanation:

• Class C addresses can create up to 128 subnets.

171. What is the maximum number of hosts that can be assigned to a subnet using a Class C IP address?

1. 2^24 - 2 = 16,777,214

2. 2^16 - 2 = 65,534

3. 2^8 - 2 = 254

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 2^8 - 2 = 254

Explanation:

• Class C addresses support up to 254 hosts per subnet.

172. What is a Class D IP address?

1. An IP address that is used for large networks

2. An IP address that is used for medium-sized networks

3. An IP address that is used for small networks

4. An IP address that is reserved for multicast group addresses

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. An IP address that is reserved for multicast group addresses

Explanation:

• Class D addresses are reserved for multicast group addresses.

173. What is the range of the first octet in a Class D IP address?

1. 0 to 127

2. 128 to 191

3. 192 to 223

4. 224 to 239

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. 224 to 239

Explanation:

• The first octet of a Class D address ranges from 224 to 239.

174. How many hosts can be assigned to a network using a Class D IP address?

1. 16,777,214

2. 65,534

3. 254

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. None of these

Explanation:

• Class D addresses are reserved for multicast and do not support host assignments.

175. What is the subnet mask for a Class D IP address?

1. 255.0.0.0

2. 255.255.0.0

3. 255.255.255.0

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. None of these

Explanation:

• Class D addresses do not have a subnet mask as they are reserved for multicast.

176. What is the maximum number of subnets that can be created using a Class D IP address?

1. 2^7 = 128

2. 2^14 = 16,384

3. 2^21 = 2,097,152

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. None of these

Explanation:

• Class D addresses do not support subnetting as they are reserved for multicast.

177. What is the maximum number of hosts that can be assigned to a subnet using a Class D IP address?

1. 2^24 - 2 = 16,777,214

2. 2^16 - 2 = 65,534

3. 2^8 - 2 = 254

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. None of these

Explanation:

• Class D addresses do not support host assignments as they are reserved for multicast.

178. What is a Class E IP address?

1. An IP address that is used for large networks

2. An IP address that is used for medium-sized networks

3. An IP address that is used for small networks

4. An IP address that is reserved for experimental or future use

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. An IP address that is reserved for experimental or future use

Explanation:

• Class E addresses are reserved for experimental or future use.

179. What is the range of the first octet in a Class E IP address?

1. 0 to 127

2. 128 to 191

3. 192 to 223

4. 240 to 255

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. 240 to 255

Explanation:

• The first octet of a Class E address ranges from 240 to 255.

180. How many hosts can be assigned to a network using a Class E IP address?

1. 16,777,214

2. 65,534

3. 254

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. None of these

Explanation:

• Class E addresses are reserved for experimental use and do not support host assignments.

181. What is the subnet mask for a Class E IP address?

1. 255.0.0.0

2. 255.255.0.0

3. 255.255.255.0

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. None of these

Explanation:

• Class E addresses do not have a subnet mask as they are reserved for experimental use.

182. What is the maximum number of subnets that can be created using a Class E IP address?

1. $2^7 = 128$

2. $2^{14} = 16,384$

3. $2^{21} = 2,097,152$

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. None of these

Explanation:

• Class E IP addresses are reserved for experimental or future use and are not used for normal network communication. Therefore, they do not support subnetting.

183. What is the maximum number of hosts that can be assigned to a subnet using a Class E IP address?

1. $2^{24} - 2 = 16,777,214$

2. $2^{16} - 2 = 65,534$

3. $2^8 - 2 = 254$

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. None of these

Explanation:

• Class E IP addresses are reserved for experimental purposes and do not support assigning hosts to subnets.

184. What is the main difference between IPv4 and IPv6 in terms of address space?

1. IPv4 has a larger address space than IPv6.

2. IPv6 has a larger address space than IPv4.

3. IPv4 and IPv6 have the same address space.

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. IPv6 has a larger address space than IPv4.

Explanation:

• IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, allowing for approximately $4.3 \times 10^9$ unique addresses.

• IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, allowing for approximately $3.4 \times 10^{38}$ unique addresses, which is significantly larger than IPv4.

185. What is the length of an IPv4 address?

1. 128 bits

2. 64 bits

3. 32 bits

4. 16 bits

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 32 bits

Explanation:

• IPv4 addresses are 32 bits long, represented in dotted decimal notation (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

186. What is the length of an IPv6 address?

1. 128 bits

2. 64 bits

3. 32 bits

4. 16 bits

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. 128 bits

Explanation:

• IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long, represented in hexadecimal notation (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).

187. What is the main difference between IPv4 and IPv6 in terms of header format?

1. IPv4 has a simpler header format than IPv6.

2. IPv6 has a simpler header format than IPv4.

3. IPv4 and IPv6 have the same header format.

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. IPv6 has a simpler header format than IPv4.

Explanation:

• IPv6 headers are simpler and more efficient than IPv4 headers. IPv6 eliminates some fields and introduces extension headers for additional functionality.

188. What is the main difference between IPv4 and IPv6 in terms of address representation?

1. IPv4 addresses are represented in binary form.

2. IPv6 addresses are represented in binary form.

3. IPv4 addresses are represented in hexadecimal form.

4. IPv6 addresses are represented in hexadecimal form.

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. IPv6 addresses are represented in hexadecimal form.

Explanation:

• IPv4 addresses are represented in dotted decimal notation (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

• IPv6 addresses are represented in hexadecimal notation (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).

189. What is the main difference between IPv4 and IPv6 in terms of security?

1. IPv4 is more secure than IPv6.

2. IPv6 is more secure than IPv4.

3. IPv4 and IPv6 have the same level of security.

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. IPv6 is more secure than IPv4.

Explanation:

• IPv6 includes built-in support for IPsec (Internet Protocol Security), which provides encryption and authentication for secure communication. IPv4 requires additional configuration for similar security features.

190. What is the main difference between IPv4 and IPv6 in terms of support for multicast?

1. IPv4 has better support for multicast than IPv6.

2. IPv6 has better support for multicast than IPv4.

3. IPv4 and IPv6 have the same level of support for multicast.

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. IPv6 has better support for multicast than IPv4.

Explanation:

• IPv6 has improved multicast support, making it more efficient for one-to-many communication compared to IPv4.

191. What is the main function of the Transport layer?

1. To provide reliable data transmission between end systems.

2. To provide error-free data transmission between end systems.

3. To provide fast data transmission between end systems.

4. To provide secure data transmission between end systems.

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. To provide reliable data transmission between end systems.

Explanation:

• The Transport layer ensures reliable, end-to-end communication between devices. It uses protocols like TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) for reliable data delivery.

192. What are the two main Transport layer protocols?

1. TCP and IP

2. UDP and IP

3. TCP and UDP

4. IP and ICMP

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. TCP and UDP

Explanation:

• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) provides reliable, connection-oriented communication.

• UDP (User Datagram Protocol) provides fast, connectionless communication.

193. What is a Port and Socket?

1. A Port is a logical address used by the Transport layer to identify a specific process on a host, while a Socket is a combination of the IP address and Port number of a host.

2. A Port is a physical address used by the Network layer to identify a specific network device, while a Socket is a combination of the IP address and Port number of a host.

3. A Port is a logical address used by the Application layer to identify a specific process on a host, while a Socket is a combination of the IP address and Port number of a host.

4. A Port is a physical address used by the Transport layer to identify a specific network device, while a Socket is a combination of the IP address and Port number of a host.

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. A Port is a logical address used by the Transport layer to identify a specific process on a host, while a Socket is a combination of the IP address and Port number of a host.

Explanation:

• A Port identifies a specific process or service on a device.

• A Socket is a combination of an IP address and a Port number, used to establish communication between two devices.

194. What is the main purpose of Connection establishment and Connection release in the Transport layer?

1. To set up and tear down connections between end systems.

2. To provide reliable data transmission between end systems.

3. To provide fast data transmission between end systems.

4. To provide secure data transmission between end systems.

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. To set up and tear down connections between end systems.

Explanation:

• Connection establishment (e.g., TCP three-way handshake) ensures a reliable connection between devices.

• Connection release ensures proper termination of the connection.

195. What is the purpose of Flow control and buffering in the Transport layer?

1. To ensure that data is transmitted accurately and in the correct order.

2. To prevent the receiver from being overwhelmed by data from the sender.

3. To ensure that data is transmitted as fast as possible.

4. To provide secure data transmission between end systems.

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. To prevent the receiver from being overwhelmed by data from the sender.

Explanation:

• Flow control regulates the rate of data transmission to prevent buffer overflow at the receiver.

• Buffering temporarily stores data to manage fluctuations in network traffic.

196. What is the purpose of Multiplexing and de-multiplexing in the Transport layer?

1. To allow multiple applications to share a single network connection.

2. To ensure that data is transmitted accurately and in the correct order.

3. To prevent the receiver from being overwhelmed by data from the sender.

4. To provide secure data transmission between end systems.

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. To allow multiple applications to share a single network connection.

Explanation:

• Multiplexing combines data from multiple applications into a single stream for transmission.

• De-multiplexing separates the received data stream into individual application data.

197. What is the main function of a Congestion control algorithm in the Transport layer?

1. To prevent data loss and ensure reliable data transmission.

2. To prevent network congestion and maintain efficient network performance.

3. To provide fast data transmission between end systems.

4. To provide secure data transmission between end systems.

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. To prevent network congestion and maintain efficient network performance.

Explanation:

• Congestion control algorithms (e.g., TCP's congestion avoidance) regulate data flow to prevent network congestion and ensure efficient use of network resources.

198. What is the main purpose of a Port in the Transport layer?

1. To identify a specific process on a host.

2. To identify a specific network device.

3. To provide reliable data transmission between end systems.

4. To provide fast data transmission between end systems.

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. To identify a specific process on a host.

Explanation:

• A Port is a logical address used to identify a specific application or service running on a device.

199. What is a Socket in the Transport layer?

1. A physical address used by the Network layer to identify a specific network device.

2. A logical address used by the Application layer to identify a specific process on a host.

3. A combination of the IP address and Port number of a host.

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. A combination of the IP address and Port number of a host.

Explanation:

• A Socket is a combination of an IP address and a Port number, used to establish communication between two devices.

200. What is an example of a Port and Socket in the Transport layer?

1. Port 80 and Socket 192.168.1.1:80

2. Port 443 and Socket 192.168.1.1:443

3. Port 25 and Socket 192.168.1.1:25

4. Port 53 and Socket 192.168.1.1:53

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Port 80 and Socket 192.168.1.1:80

Explanation:

• Port 80 is commonly used for HTTP (web traffic).

• A Socket combines the IP address (192.168.1.1) and Port number (80) to identify a specific service on a device.