> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://nec-license.gitbook.io/books/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://nec-license.gitbook.io/books/4.-computer-organization-and-embedded-system/mcqs/set-11.md).

# set-11

#### 501. Who developed the basic architecture of computer?

1. Blaise Pascal
2. Charles Babbage
3. John Von Neumann
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. John Von Neumann

**Explanation:**

* John Von Neumann developed the basic architecture of modern computers, known as the Von Neumann architecture.

</details>

#### 502. Which of the following allows simultaneous write and read operations?

1. ROM
2. FROM
3. RAM
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. RAM

**Explanation:**

* RAM (Random Access Memory) allows simultaneous read and write operations.

</details>

#### 503. Which of the following is not considered as a peripheral device?

1. CPU
2. Keyboard
3. Monitor
4. All of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. CPU

**Explanation:**

* The CPU is the central processing unit and is not considered a peripheral device. Peripherals include input/output devices like keyboards and monitors.

</details>

#### 504. Which of the following computer memory is fastest?

1. Register
2. Hard disk
3. RAM
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. Register

**Explanation:**

* Registers are the fastest memory in a computer, located directly in the CPU.

</details>

#### 505. Which of the following operations is/are performed by the ALU?

1. Data manipulation
2. Exponential
3. Square root
4. All of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 4. All of the above

**Explanation:**

* The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) performs data manipulation, exponential calculations, and square root operations, among others.

</details>

#### 506. Which of the following format is used to store data?

1. Decimal
2. Octal
3. BCD
4. Hexadecimal

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. BCD

**Explanation:**

* BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) is a format used to store decimal numbers in binary form.

</details>

#### 507. Which of the following memory of the computer is used to speed up the computer processing?

1. Cache memory
2. RAM
3. ROM
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. Cache memory

**Explanation:**

* Cache memory is used to speed up computer processing by storing frequently accessed data closer to the CPU.

</details>

#### 508. Computer address, bus is -

1. Multidirectional
2. Bidirectional
3. Unidirectional
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. Unidirectional

**Explanation:**

* The address bus is unidirectional, carrying addresses from the CPU to memory or I/O devices.

</details>

#### 509. Which of the following circuit is used to store one bit of data?

1. Flip Flop
2. Decoder
3. Encoder
4. Register

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. Flip Flop

**Explanation:**

* A flip-flop is a basic circuit used to store one bit of data.

</details>

#### 510. Which of the following is a way in which the components of a computer are connected to each other?

1. Computer parts
2. Computer architecture
3. Computer hardware
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. Computer architecture

**Explanation:**

* Computer architecture defines how components of a computer are connected and interact with each other.

</details>

#### 511. Which of the following circuit convert the binary data into a decimal?

1. Decoder
2. Encoder
3. Code converter
4. Multiplexer

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. Code converter

**Explanation:**

* A code converter is used to convert binary data into decimal or other formats.

</details>

#### 512. The address in the main memory is known as -

1. Logical address
2. Physical address
3. Memory address
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. Physical address

**Explanation:**

* The address in the main memory is referred to as the physical address.

</details>

#### 513. Subtraction in computers is carried out by -

1. 1's complement
2. 2's complement
3. 3's complement
4. 9's complement

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. 2's complement

**Explanation:**

* Subtraction in computers is typically performed using the 2's complement method.

</details>

#### 514. Which of the following computer bus connects the CPU to a memory on the system board?

1. Expansion bus
2. Width bus
3. System bus
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. System bus

**Explanation:**

* The system bus connects the CPU to memory and other components on the system board.

</details>

#### 515. Which of the following memory unit communicates directly with the CPU?

1. Auxiliary memory
2. Main memory
3. Secondary memory
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. Main memory

**Explanation:**

* Main memory (RAM) communicates directly with the CPU.

</details>

#### 516. The collection of 8-bits is called as -

1. Byte
2. Nibble
3. Word
4. Record

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. Byte

**Explanation:**

* A collection of 8 bits is called a byte.

</details>

#### 517. Which of the following register can interact with the secondary storage?

1. PC
2. MAR
3. MDR
4. IR

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. MDR

**Explanation:**

* The Memory Data Register (MDR) interacts with secondary storage during data transfer.

</details>

#### 518. In which of the following form the computer stores its data in memory?

1. Hexadecimal form
2. Octal form
3. Binary form
4. Decimal form

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. Binary form

**Explanation:**

* Computers store data in binary form (0s and 1s).

</details>

#### 519. Which of the following is a combinational logic circuit which sends data from a single source to two or more separate destinations?

1. Multiplexer
2. Demultiplexer
3. Encoder
4. Decoder

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. Demultiplexer

**Explanation:**

* A demultiplexer sends data from a single source to multiple destinations.

</details>

#### 520. Which of the following is a group of bits that tells the computer to perform a particular operation?

1. Accumulator
2. Register
3. Instruction code
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. Instruction code

**Explanation:**

* The instruction code is a group of bits that tells the computer what operation to perform.

</details>

#### 521. Where is the document temporarily stored during working on a document on PC?

1. ROM
2. CPU
3. RAM
4. Flash memory

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. RAM

**Explanation:**

* Documents are temporarily stored in RAM while being worked on.

</details>

#### 522. Where is the decoded instruction stored?

1. Registers
2. MDR
3. PC
4. IR

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 4. IR

**Explanation:**

* The decoded instruction is stored in the Instruction Register (IR).

</details>

#### 523. What does MIMD stand for?

1. Multiple Instruction Memory Data
2. Multiple Instruction Multiple Data
3. Memory Instruction Multiple Data
4. Memory Information Memory Data

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. Multiple Instruction Multiple Data

**Explanation:**

* MIMD stands for Multiple Instruction Multiple Data, a parallel computing architecture.

</details>

#### 524. The status bit is also called as -

1. Unsigned bit
2. Signed bit
3. Flag bit
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. Flag bit

**Explanation:**

* The status bit is also known as the flag bit, indicating the status of operations.

</details>

#### 525. Which of the following register keeps track of the instructions stored in the program stored in memory?

1. Accumulator
2. Address Register
3. Program Counter
4. Index Register

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. Program Counter

**Explanation:**

* The Program Counter (PC) keeps track of the next instruction to be executed.

</details>

#### 526. The Program Counter is also called as

1. Instruction Pointer
2. Data Counter
3. Memory pointer
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. Instruction Pointer

**Explanation:**

* The Program Counter (PC) is also known as the Instruction Pointer.

</details>

#### 527. Which of the following topology is used in Ethernet?

1. Ring topology
2. Bus topology
3. Mesh topology
4. Star topology

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. Bus topology

**Explanation:**

* Ethernet commonly uses a bus topology.

</details>

#### 528. Which of the following is correct about memory and storage?

1. Memory is temporary, Storage is temporary
2. Memory is temporary, Storage is permanent
3. Memory is permanent, Storage is temporary
4. Memory is slow, Storage is fast

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. Memory is temporary, Storage is permanent

**Explanation:**

* Memory (RAM) is temporary, while storage (like hard drives) is permanent.

</details>

#### 529. Which of the following is equal to 4 bits?

1. Byte
2. Nibble
3. Record
4. All of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. Nibble

**Explanation:**

* A nibble is equal to 4 bits.

</details>

#### 530. What does one thousand bytes represent?

1. Kilobyte (KB)
2. Megabyte (MB)
3. Gigabyte (GB)
4. Terabyte (TB)

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. Kilobyte (KB)

**Explanation:**

* One thousand bytes represent a kilobyte (KB).

</details>

#### 531. What is the content of stack pointer (SP)?

1. Address of the top element in the stack
2. Address of current instruction
3. Address of next instruction
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. Address of the top element in the stack

**Explanation:**

* The stack pointer (SP) holds the address of the top element in the stack, which is the last element added to the stack.

</details>

#### 532. An n-bit microprocessor has -

1. n-bit instruction register
2. n-bit address register
3. n-bit program counter
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. n-bit instruction register

**Explanation:**

* An n-bit microprocessor typically has an n-bit instruction register to hold the current instruction being executed.

</details>

#### 533. Which of the following is the operation executed on data stored in registers?

1. Byte operation
2. Bit operation
3. Macrooperation
4. Microoperation

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 4. Microoperation

**Explanation:**

* Microoperations are the basic operations performed on data stored in registers, such as arithmetic, logic, and shift operations.

</details>

#### 534. What does a computer bus line consist of?

1. Set of parallel lines
2. Accumulators
3. Registers
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. Set of parallel lines

**Explanation:**

* A computer bus consists of a set of parallel lines that carry data, addresses, and control signals between components.

</details>

#### 535. Which of the following is performed by half adder?

1. Binary addition operation for 2 decimal inputs
2. Binary addition operation for 2 binary inputs
3. Decimal addition operation for 2 decimal inputs
4. Binary addition operation for 2 binary inputs

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. Binary addition operation for 2 binary inputs

**Explanation:**

* A half adder performs binary addition on two single-bit binary inputs, producing a sum and a carry output.

</details>

#### 536. Which of the following is a combinational logic circuit which converts binary information from n coded inputs to a maximum of 2n unique outputs?

1. Multiplexer
2. Demultiplexer
3. Encoder
4. Decoder

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 4. Decoder

**Explanation:**

* A decoder converts binary information from n inputs to a maximum of 2^n unique outputs, typically used in address decoding.

</details>

#### 537. Which of the following is a combinational logic circuit that change the binary information into N output lines?

1. Multiplexer
2. Demultiplexer
3. Encoder
4. Decoder

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. Demultiplexer

**Explanation:**

* A demultiplexer takes a single input and directs it to one of several output lines based on the control signals.

</details>

#### 538. Which of the following is a combinational logic circuit that has 2^n input lines and a single output line?

1. Multiplexer
2. Demultiplexer
3. Encoder
4. Decoder

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. Multiplexer

**Explanation:**

* A multiplexer selects one of several input lines and forwards it to a single output line based on control signals.

</details>

#### 539. Which of the following building block can be used to implement any combinational logic circuit?

1. AND
2. OR
3. NAND
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. NAND

**Explanation:**

* NAND gates are universal gates, meaning any combinational logic circuit can be implemented using only NAND gates.

</details>

#### 540. Which of the following is the circuit board on which chips and processor are placed?

1. Master circuit
2. Motherboard
3. Big board
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. Motherboard

**Explanation:**

* The motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer, where the CPU, memory, and other components are connected.

</details>

#### 541. Which of the following computer register collects the result of computation?

1. Accumulator
2. Instruction Pointer
3. Storage register
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. Accumulator

**Explanation:**

* The accumulator is a register that stores the results of arithmetic and logic operations performed by the CPU.

</details>

#### 542. CISC stands for -

1. Complex Instruction Set Computer
2. Complete Instruction Sequential Compilation
3. Complex Instruction Sequential Compiler
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. Complex Instruction Set Computer

**Explanation:**

* CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) is a type of microprocessor architecture that uses complex instructions to perform multiple operations in a single instruction.

</details>

#### 543. Which of the following is the function of the control unit in the CPU?

1. It stores program instruction
2. It decodes program instruction
3. It performs logic operations
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. It decodes program instruction

**Explanation:**

* The control unit in the CPU is responsible for decoding instructions and generating control signals to execute them.

</details>

#### 544. What does EEPROM stands for?

1. Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory
2. Electronically Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory
3. Electrically Enabled and Programmable Read-Only Memory
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory

**Explanation:**

* EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory) is a type of non-volatile memory that can be erased and reprogrammed electrically.

</details>

#### 545. In which of the following term the performance of cache memory is measured?

1. Chat ratio
2. Hit ratio
3. Copy ratio
4. Data ratio

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. Hit ratio

**Explanation:**

* The performance of cache memory is often measured by the hit ratio, which is the percentage of memory accesses that are found in the cache.

</details>

#### 546. RISC stands for -

1. Reduce Instruction Set Computer
2. Risk Instruction Sequential Compilation
3. Risk Instruction Source Compiler
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 1. Reduce Instruction Set Computer

**Explanation:**

* RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) is a type of microprocessor architecture that uses a small, highly optimized set of instructions.

</details>

#### 547. Which of the following is an essential data transfer technique?

1. MMA
2. DMA
3. CAD
4. CAM

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 2. DMA

**Explanation:**

* DMA (Direct Memory Access) is a data transfer technique that allows peripherals to access memory directly without CPU intervention.

</details>

#### 548. Which of the following is page fault?

1. Page fault occurs when a program accesses a page of another program
2. Page fault occurs when a program accesses a page in main memory
3. Page fault occurs when there is an error in particular page
4. Page fault occurs when a program accesses a page which is not present in main memory

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 4. Page fault occurs when a program accesses a page which is not present in main memory

**Explanation:**

* A page fault occurs when a program tries to access a page that is not currently in the main memory, requiring the operating system to load it from secondary storage.

</details>

#### 549. What does DRAM stand for?

1. Dynamic Read Access Memory
2. Digital Random-Access Memory
3. Dynamic Random-Access Memory
4. Dynamic Read Allocation Memory

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. Dynamic Random-Access Memory

**Explanation:**

* DRAM (Dynamic Random-Access Memory) is a type of volatile memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit.

</details>

#### 550. Which of the following is known as the step by step procedure to solve a problem?

1. Graph
2. Table
3. Algorithm
4. None of the above

<details>

<summary>Show me the answer</summary>

**Answer:** 3. Algorithm

**Explanation:**

* An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or set of rules to solve a problem or perform a computation.

</details>