1.3 Geographical Diversity, Climatic Conditions, and Livelihood & Lifestyle of People
1.3 GEOGRAPHICAL DIVERSITY, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, AND LIVELIHOOD & LIFESTYLE OF PEOPLE 🌍
LIVELIHOOD & LIFESTYLE ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS 🏔️
COMPARATIVE TABLE: THREE MAIN REGIONS 📊
ASPECT
🌄 HIMALAYAN/MOUNTAIN REGION
⛰️ HILLY REGION
🌾 TERAI REGION
📍 Location
Northernmost part
Central part (Mechi to Mahakali)
Southern plains (60-300m altitude)
🌡️ Climate
Very cold, snow-covered for almost half the year
Moderate (neither too hot nor too cold)
Hot (up to 40°C in summer)
👥 Main Ethnic Groups
Sherpa, Lepcha, Lhoms, Lopas
Brahman, Chhetri, Newar, Magar, Gurung, Rai, Limbu
Tharu, Satar, Rajbansi, Yadav
🌾 Agriculture
Potatoes, barley, Uwa, apple
Maize, wheat, rice, millet, soybeans
Rice, wheat, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, mangoes
🐄 Animal Farming
Cows, sheep, mountain-goats (Chyangra), yaks
Various domestic animals
Various domestic animals
🏭 Industries
Cottage industries (carpets, blankets), wool products, cheese/butter production
Cement, textiles, biscuits, leather, beer/wine, cottage industries
Jute, sugar, soap, cigarette, cotton, cement, leather
🚚 Transport
Limited air services (Taplejung, Jomsom, Jumla), horses/mules, human porters
Road network, some air services
Road network, railways, air services
🏙️ Major Cities
Small settlements
Kathmandu, Pokhara, Tansen, Dhankuta
Biratnagar, Janakpur, Birgunj, Hetauda, Butwal, Nepalgunj
🍲 Food
Dhindo (maize/millet pudding), bread, potato, meat, butter tea
Rice (main), meat, eggs, dairy products
Rice, bread, lentils, fish, dairy products
👕 Clothing
Thick woolen clothes (Bhoto, Docha, Bakkhu), snow shoes
Daura-Suruwal (men), Cholo-Fariya (women), Western attire in towns
Light cotton, lungis (villages), pants/shirts and saris (towns)
🏠 Housing
Stone/wood houses
Stone/clay houses with thatched roofs, multi-storey in towns
Small huts (villages), modern buildings (towns)
📚 Education Center
Limited schools
Kathmandu, Pokhara, Tansen, Birendranagar
Rapidly increasing literacy rate
🙏 Religion
Mainly Buddhism
Hinduism & Buddhism mix
Hinduism, Islam, others
🎉 Festivals
Lhosar (celebrated in Magh)
Various Hindu & Buddhist festivals
Laxmi Pooja, Chhath, Siruwa, Maghi
SOCIAL LIFE AND CULTURE OF NEPAL 👨👩👧👦
ETHNIC DIVERSITY STATISTICS 📈
CATEGORY
NUMBER
DETAILS
Total Ethnic Groups
142
According to Census 2078
Newly Identified (17)
17
Ranatharu, Bhumihar, Bankariya, Surel, Chumba/Nubri, etc.
Indigenous Nationalities
59
Officially recognized
With Rana Tharu addition
60
Added on Jestha 05, 2077
TOP 5 MOST POPULATED ETHNIC GROUPS 👥
RANK
ETHNIC GROUP
PERCENTAGE
1
Chhetri
16.45%
2
Brahman-Hill
11.29%
3
Magar
6.9%
4
Tharu
6.2%
5
Tamang
5.62%
INDIGENOUS NATIONALITIES CLASSIFICATION 📋
CATEGORY
NUMBER
EXAMPLES
STATUS
🔴 Endangered
10
Kusunda, Bankariya, Raute, Surel, Hayu, Raji, Kisan, Lepcha, Meche, Kushbadiya
Most vulnerable
🟠 Highly Marginalized
12
Majhi, Siyar, Chepang, Satar Santhal, Thami, Jhangad, Bote, Danuwar, Baramu
Very limited access
🟡 Marginalized
20
Sunuwar, Tharu, Tamang, Bhujel, Kumal, Rajbanshi, Dhimal, Bhote, Darai
Limited resources
🟢 Disadvantaged
15
Gurung, Magar, Rai, Limbu, Sherpa, Chhantyal, Jirel, Hyolmo
Some development
🔵 Advanced
2
Thakali, Newar
Better socio-economic
ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF JANAJATI 🌍
REGION
NUMBER OF GROUPS
EXAMPLES
🏔️ Himalayan Region
18
Baragaunle, Bhote, Sherpa, Thakali, Hyolmo, Lhomi, Lopa, Marphali, Thudam, Yholmo, Tangbe, Mugali, Siyar, Byasi, Dolpo, Lo, Tichurong, Topkegola
⛰️ Hill Region
23
Magar, Tamang, Newar, Rai, Gurung, Limbu, Thakali, Bhujel, Chhantyal, Sunuwar, Thami, Dura, Majhi, Bote, Danuwar, Bankariya, Hayu, Jirel, Kushunda, Lepcha, Pahari, Raji, Raute
🌳 Inner Terai
5
Bote, Kusunda, Frin, Majhi, Raji
🌾 Terai Region
13
Dhanuk, Dhimal, Gangai, Jhangad, Tharu, Santhal/Satar, Tajpuriya, Kisan, Meche, Rajbanshi, Gangai, Koche
MAJOR ETHNIC GROUPS DESCRIPTIONS 📝
ETHNIC GROUP
SETTLEMENT AREA
LANGUAGE
RELIGION
MAIN OCCUPATIONS
SPECIAL FEATURES
Magar 🏔️
Marshyangdi to Dailekh
Magar Dhut
Hindu, Buddhist
Agriculture, animal husbandry, mining, handicraft, army
Surnames: Rana, Thapa, Pun, Ale, Roka, Gharti, Budha
Tharu 🌾
Terai (Mechi to Mahakali)
Indo-European
Nature worship, Buddhist
Agriculture
Main Terai indigenous group
Tamang ⛰️
Tamsaling region (10 districts around Kathmandu)
Tamang
Buddhist
Animal husbandry, agriculture, Thanka making
Densely settled around Kathmandu valley
Newar 🏛️
Kathmandu & major trade centers
Nepal Bhasa
Hindu & Buddhist
Trade, agriculture, traditional crafts
Caste hierarchy: Brahman to Shudra, Religious tolerance
Rai 🏞️
Solukhumbu, Okhaldhunga, Khotang, Bhojpur
Kirat languages
Kirat
Rice, millet, cardamom cultivation, animal husbandry, paper making
Descendants of Kirat, also called Khambu
Gurung ⛰️
Kaski, Lamjung, Gorkha, Manang
Tamu (Tibeto-Burman)
Buddhist, Hindu
Animal husbandry, trade, government services, army
Known for Gurkha soldiers
Limbu 🏔️
East of Arun river
Limbu
Kirat (nature worship)
Animal husbandry, agriculture
Strong cultural identity
Sherpa 🏔️
Eastern Solukhumbu
Sherpa (Tibeto-Burman)
Mahayana Buddhism
Mountain guiding, trade, agriculture
"Man of East", famous mountaineers
Chepang 🌳
Chitwan, Makwanpur, Dhading, Gorkha
Chepang
Animist
Slanting land agriculture, jungle fruit collection, hunting
Also called "Praja"
Raute 🏕️
Doti, Darchula, Achham, Dailekh
Khamchi (Tibeto-Burman)
Animist
Hunting, gathering
Nomadic: Never stay >1 month, Settlement: Rauti, Hut: Thoula
MAJOR FESTIVALS OF NEPAL 📅
CALENDAR OF MAJOR FESTIVALS 🗓️
FESTIVAL
NEPALI MONTH
SPECIFIC DAY
COMMUNITY
KEY FEATURES
Gaijatra 🐂
Bhadau
Dark half
Newar
7-day festival, started by King Pratap Malla
Ghodejatra 🐎
Chaitra
No moon day
All
Horse racing at Tudikhel, Kathmandu
Dashain 🎯
Ashoj
Bright half (10 days)
National
Tika, Jamara, family gatherings, national festival
Mahashivaratri 🔱
Falgun
14th dark half
Hindu
Army day, Pashupatinath gathering
Teej 💃
Bhadau
3rd dark half
Women
Fasting for husband's long life
Buddha Jayanti 🧘
Baishakh
Full moon
Buddhist
Buddha's birth, enlightenment, Nirvana
Tihar 🪔
Kartik
Dark half (5 days)
National
Worship: crows, dogs, Laxmi, cows, brothers
Lhosar 🎊
Magh
1st day
Tibetan groups
Tibetan New Year (Sherpa, Bhote, Gurung, Thakali, Magar)
Janaippurnima 🧵
Shrawan
Full moon
Hindu
Sacred thread changing, Rakshyabandhan, Gosaikunda fair
Chaite Dashain 🌸
Chaitra
8th bright half
Hindu
Small Dashain, Machhindranath chariot
Shree Panchami 📚
Magh
5th bright half
All
Saraswoti worship, Basanta Shrawan at Hanumandhoka
Udhauli & Ubhauli 🌱
Baishakh/Jestha & Kartik/Mangsir
Seasonal
Rai
Also called Sakela/Sakewa
Judshital 💦
Baishakh
2nd day
Maithili
Maithili community water festival
Bisket Jatra 🏮
Chaitra end to Mesh Sankranti
New Year
Bhaktapur
Bhairab chariot, tongue piercing
Eid 🌙
Ramjan month
Islamic calendar
Muslim
Reciting Kuran, Namaz, animal sacrifice
Sithi Nakha 🌾
Jetha
6th bright half
Newar
Farmers' prosperity festival
Gaura Parba 🎎
Bhadra
8th dark half (3 days)
Mid-western
Regional festival
Chasok Tangnam 💃
Kartik
Specific days
Limbu
Yalangma/Chyabrung dance
Siruwa Parwa 🎇
New Year
1st Baishakh
Rajbanshi
Worship of Thakur Bisari and Tista River
SONGS, MUSIC AND LOCAL DANCES 🎵
ETHNIC DANCE FORMS TABLE 💃
ETHNIC GROUP
LOCAL DANCES/NAACH
INSTRUMENTS USED
Limbu
Dhan Nach, Chyabrung, Kelang
Yalamber, Murchunga, Binayo
Tamang
Selo, Saraswati, Damfu
Damphu
Gurung
Ghatu Nach, Putpute Nach, Sorathi, Rodhi
Madal, traditional instruments
Magar
Kaura Naach, Maruni, Tappa, Pangdure
Madal
Rai
Chandi Nach, Sakela Chandi
Traditional percussion
Newar
Lakhe, Kartik, Mahakali
Dhol/Dholak, Jhyali, Kakuwayan
Tharu
Jhijhiya Nach, Jhumra, Maharwa, Dandiya
Dholak, traditional instruments
Jyapu
Mahakali
Traditional Newari instruments
Dura
Ghatu
Traditional instruments
Jhagad
Karmadharma
Local instruments
Mithila
Jhumri, Gauna
Regional folk instruments
RACIAL FESTIVALS 🎊
ETHNIC GROUP
FESTIVALS
SEASON/MONTH
Rai
Udhauli, Uvauli
Baishakh/Jestha & Kartik/Mangsir
Rajbansi
Siruwa, Hukka Hukki
New Year
Tharu
Maghi, Samachakewa, Pendiya
Magh, seasonal
Thakali
Toranlaha Parva
Specific community dates
Limbu
Chasok Tan Nam
Kartik month
Chepang
Chonam (Nuwagi)
Seasonal
Gurung
Tamu Lhosar, Trahute
Magh
Tamang
Sonam Lhosar
Seasonal
Raute
Thulo Tihar
Kartik
Maithili
Chhath, Judshital
Kartik, Baishakh
Sherpa
Gyalbo Lhosar
Magh
Jirel
Paldok
Community specific
Satar/Santhal
Sohari, Patamela
Seasonal
Marwadi
Ganagaur
Regional
PRIESTS OF DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES 🕉️
COMMUNITY
PRIESTS
ROLE/FUNCTION
Tharu
Bharra/Guruwa
Religious ceremonies, healing
Rai
Ngopa
Ritual specialist
Gurung
Ghyabre/Ghyabring
Religious ceremonies
Tamang
Lama/Bonpo
Buddhist rituals
Sunuwar
Naso/Nokso
Community rituals
Newar
Guvaju/Deuvaju
Temple priests
Brahmin
Pandit/Purohit
Hindu rituals
Limbu
Phedangma, Shamwa, Yeba-Yema
Kirat rituals
Jirel
Nakso
Community priest
Magar
Bhusal
Ritual specialist
Chhantyal
Bhanja
Community priest
Chepang
Pande
Ritual healer
Meche
Deusi
Religious head
Satar
Thakur
Community leader/priest
NATIVE PLACES OF DIFFERENT CASTES 🗺️
CASTE
NATIVE PLACE
REGION
Lepcha
Ilam
Eastern Hills
Pahari
Dailekh
Far-Western Hills
Baram
Gorkha
Central Hills
Thudam
Sankhuwasabha
Eastern Mountains
Siyar
Dhading
Central Hills
Darai
Tanahun
Western Hills
Kumal
Palpa
Western Hills
Tapkegola
Taplejung
Eastern Mountains
Chepang
Dhading, Makwanpur, Gorkha, Chitwan
Central Hills
Bankariya
Makwanpur
Central Hills
Chhantyal
Myagdi, Baglung
Western Hills
Thakali
Thak khola, Mustang
Himalayan
Kusunda
Gorkha, Kaski
Central Hills
Raute
Dang, Salyan, Surkhet, Jajarkot
Mid-Western
RELIGIONS IN NEPAL 📊
RELIGIOUS DEMOGRAPHICS COMPARISON 📈
RELIGION
CENSUS 2068 (%)
CENSUS 2078 (%)
CHANGE
FOUNDER
HOLY BOOK
Hinduism 🕉️
81.3%
81.19%
-0.11%
Adhya Sankaracharya
Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, Gita
Buddhism 🧘
9.0%
8.21%
-0.79%
Gautam Buddha
Tripitak
Islam ☪️
4.4%
5.09%
+0.69%
Paigambar Mohamad
Quran
Kirat 🌿
3.0%
3.17%
+0.17%
Imang Singh Chemjong
Mundhum
Christianity ✝️
1.4%
1.76%
+0.36%
Jesus Christ
Bible
Prakriti 🌍
0.5%
0.35%
-0.15%
-
-
Bon 🏔️
0.04%
0.23%
+0.19%
Gshen-rab
-
Jainism ☸️
0.01%
0.01%
0%
Mahabir Jain
Wachanamrit
Bahai ✨
0.004%
0.00184%
-0.00216%
Bahauliah
Kitab al-aqdas
Sikhism 🙏
0.002%
0.01%
+0.008%
Guru Nanak
Guru Grantha Sahib
LANGUAGES OF NEPAL 🗨️
LANGUAGE STATISTICS 📊
CATEGORY
NUMBER
NOTES
Total Mother Tongues
124
Census 2078
Newly Discovered Languages
13
Bhote, Lowa, Chum/Nubri, Nar-Phu, Ranatharu, etc.
Official Language
Nepali
Also lingua franca
Constitutional Recognition
All mother tongues
Recognized as national languages
TOP 10 LANGUAGES SPOKEN 🥇
RANK
LANGUAGE
PERCENTAGE
SPEAKERS (approx)
1
Nepali
44.86%
~12.3 million
2
Maithili
11.05%
~3.0 million
3
Bhojpuri
6.24%
~1.7 million
4
Tharu
5.88%
~1.6 million
5
Tamang
4.88%
~1.3 million
6
Bajjika
3.89%
~1.07 million
7
Avadhi
2.96%
~0.81 million
8
Nepal Bhasa (Newari)
2.96%
~0.81 million
9
Magar Dhut
2.77%
~0.76 million
10
Doteli
1.7%
~0.47 million
LANGUAGE FAMILIES DISTRIBUTION 🌍
LANGUAGE FAMILY
PERCENTAGE
MAJOR LANGUAGES
SPEAKER COUNT
Indo-European 🇮🇳
82.1%
Nepali, Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Rajbanshi, Hindi, Urdu, Marwari, Awadhi, etc.
~22.5 million
Sino-Tibetan 🇨🇳
17.31%
Newari, Gurung, Tamang, Limbu, Tibetan, Sherpa, Chepang, Sunuwar, etc.
~4.75 million
Austro/Agneya 🌏
0.19%
Satar/Santhali
~52,000
Dravidian 🇮🇳
0.13%
Jhangad/Dhangad
~35,000
Other 🌐
0.27%
Khaling, Doteli, Khas, Urau
~74,000
SCRIPTS OF SOME LANGUAGES 📝
LANGUAGE/DIALECT
SCRIPT
FEATURES
Nepali/Hindi
Devnagari
Official script, left to right
Newari
Ranjana, Brahmi, Bhunjimo, Paanchumo, Kutila
Multiple traditional scripts
Limbu
Sirijungha
Indigenous script
Urdu
Arabi
Right to left
NEPALI LITERATURE ✍️
LITERARY PERIODS TIMELINE 📅
PERIOD
YEARS
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
MAJOR FIGURES
📜 Primary Age
Beginning to 1939 BS
Early literary works, religious texts
Unknown authors
📜 Medieval Age
1940 to 1974 BS
Development of modern forms
Early modern writers
📜 Modern Age
1975 BS to present
Contemporary themes, diverse genres
Major litterateurs
MAJOR LITTERATEURS AND WORKS 📖
NAME/NICKNAME
PERIOD
MAJOR WORKS
CONTRIBUTION
Bhanubhakta Acharya 🏆 (First poet)
1814-1868
Badhushikshya, Prashnottar, Bhaktamala
First to write in Nepali language
Laxmi Prasad Devkota ✨ (Great Poet)
1909-1959
Munamadan, Pahadi Pukar, Sunko Bihan, Shakuntala
Romantic poet, versatile writer
Lekhnath Paudyal 📝
1884-1966
Ritu Bichar, Buddhibinod, Tarun Tapasi
Classical poet, precise language
Siddhicharan Shrestha 🎭 (Yugkabi)
1912-1992
Kopila, Mero Pratibimba, Kuhiro ra Gham
Modern poet, social themes
Bhupi Sherchan 🌟
1936-1989
Ghumne Mech Mathi Andho Manchhe
Satirical poet
Jhamak Kumari Ghimire 💪
1980-present
Jiban Kada Ki Phool, Aafnai Chita Agnishikhatira
Disabled writer, inspirational
Satyamohan Joshi 🏛️
1920-2022
Hamro Lok Sanskriti, Nepali Rashtriya Mudra
Cultural historian
LITERARY AWARDS 🥇
MAJOR LITERARY AWARDS COMPARISON 🏅
AWARD
ESTABLISHED
FOUNDER/MEMORY OF
PRIZE AMOUNT
FIELD
FIRST WINNER
🥇 Madan Puraskar
26 Sep 1955
General Madan Shumsher
NRs. 400,000 (since 2005)
Literature
-
🥈 Jagadamba Shree Puraskar
1989 (2045 BS)
-
NRs. 400,000 (since 2075 BS)
Language, Literature, Art, Folk Culture
Narayan Gopal
🥉 Sajha Puraskar
1967
Sajha Publications
Varies
Literature
Bhupi Sherchan
🎖️ Nepal Ratna Man Padavi
2010
Government of Nepal
Highest honor
Civilian award
Various eminent persons
RECENT MADAN PURASKAR WINNERS 📚
YEAR
WINNER
WORK
GENRE
2079
Bibek Ojha
"Aainthan"
Novel
2078
Naba Raj Lamsal
"Agni"
Poetry/Collection
2077
Bhagiraj Ingnam
"Limbuwanko Etihasik Dastavej Sangraha"
Historical Documents
ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE 🏛️
TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE STYLES COMPARISON 🏯
STYLE
KEY FEATURES
MATERIALS
EXAMPLES
🏯 Pagoda (Roofed Style)
Tiered roof, Tundal and Toran decorations
Brick and wood combination
Pashupatinath, Changu Narayan, Nyatpole
🏔️ Peak Style (Shikhar Style)
Multi-tiered platform, single pavilion, narrowing towards top
Stone, brick
Brahma temple (Pashupati), Mahabouddha (Patan), Krishna temple (Patan)
🕌 Mixed Style
Rajput and Mughal style mixture
Various
Janaki temple of Janakpur
MUSIC 🎶
TRADITIONAL FOLK MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 🪕
INSTRUMENT
PRIMARY COMMUNITY
TYPE
USAGE
Panchai Baja 🥁 (5 instruments)
Damai
Percussion/Wind
Wedding ceremonies
Madal 🪘
Originally Magar, now all
Percussion
Rhythmic base
Sarangi 🎻
Gandharba
String
Melodic instrument
Yalamber, Murchunga, Binayo 🎵
Kirat
Various
Traditional Kirat music
Dhol/Dholak 🥁
Newari
Percussion
Festival music
Dhyangro 🔔
Sherpa, Tamang
Percussion
Ritual ceremonies
Urni 🎶
Dhimal
Wind
Traditional music
Kakuwayan 🎷
Newari Jyapu
Wind
Newari festivals
Damphu 🪘
Tamang
Percussion
Tamang selo music
Jhyali 🥁
Newar
Percussion
Ritual music
Phasmuk 🎵
Limbu
Wind
Limbu ceremonies
UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN NEPAL 🌍
COMPLETE HERITAGE LIST 📋
HERITAGE SITE
TYPE
ENLISTMENT YEAR
LOCATION
MAJOR FEATURES
🏛️ Kathmandu Valley (7 sites)
Cultural
1979
Kathmandu Valley
7 monument zones
- Swayambhunath
Cultural
1979
Kathmandu
Buddhist stupa, monkeys
- Hanumandhoka Durbar Square
Cultural
1979
Kathmandu
Kastamandap, Taleju temple, Kumari house
- Patan Durbar Square
Cultural
1979
Lalitpur
Krishna temple, Mahabaudha
- Bhaktapur Durbar Square
Cultural
1979
Bhaktapur
Traditional Newari architecture
- Changunarayan
Cultural
1979
Bhaktapur
Ancient inscriptions, Vishnu temple
- Bauddha
Cultural
1979
Kathmandu
36m tall Buddhist stupa
- Pashupatinath
Cultural
1979
Kathmandu
Hindu temple complex, cremation ghats
🌍 Lumbini
Cultural
1997
Rupandehi
Buddha's birthplace, Mayadevi Temple, Ashoka pillar
🏔️ Sagarmatha National Park
Natural
1979
Solukhumbu
Mt. Everest (8,848.86m), unique ecosystem
🐅 Chitwan National Park
Natural
1984
Chitwan
One-horned rhinoceros, Bengal tiger
NATIONAL PARKS COMPARISON 🏞️
PARK
ESTABLISHED
AREA
SIGNIFICANCE
MAJOR WILDLIFE
Sagarmatha National Park
2032 BS (1976 AD)
1,148 sq. km
World's highest park
Snow leopard, red panda, Himalayan tahr
Chitwan National Park
2030 BS (1973 AD)
952.63 sq. km
First national park
One-horned rhino, Bengal tiger, gharial crocodile
MUSEUMS OF NEPAL 🏛️
MAJOR MUSEUMS CATEGORIZED 📍
CATEGORY
MUSEUM
LOCATION
SPECIALIZATION
🏛️ National Museums
National Museum
Chhauni, Kathmandu
General history, art
🏰 Palace Museums
Narayanhiti Palace Museum
Durbar Marg, Kathmandu
Royal history
🌿 Natural History
Natural History Museum
Swayambhu, Kathmandu
Flora, fauna, geology
🏛️ Durbar Museums
Hanumandhoka Museum
Hanumandhoka, Kathmandu
Palace artifacts
✈️ Specialized
Aviation Museum
Sinamangal, Kathmandu
Aviation history
👥 Ethnic Museums
Janajati Museum
Kirtipur, Kathmandu
Ethnic diversity
🌾 Community Museums
Tharu Museum
Bachhaui, Chitwan
Tharu culture
🐍 Unique Collections
Snake Museum
Jhapa
Snake species
🏞️ Regional Museums
Chepang Museum
Shaktikhor, Chitwan
Chepang culture
🏔️ Mountain Museums
International Mountaineering Museum
Pokhara, Kaski
Mountaineering history
👑 Ethnic Heritage
Kirat Museum
Khotang
Kirat civilization
🏔️ Ethnic Heritage
Magar Museum
Myagdi
Magar culture
EXAM PREPARATION CHECKLIST ✅
MEMORIZATION PRIORITIES:
🎯 Top 5: Ethnic groups, religions, languages
🗺️ Regions: Himalayan, Hill, Terai comparisons
🏆 Awards: Madan Puraskar recent winners
🏛️ UNESCO: 10 World Heritage Sites
📊 Statistics: Census 2078 vs 2068 changes
🎭 Ethnic Groups: Settlement areas, occupations
🎉 Festivals: Month, community, features
🏛️ Architecture: 3 temple styles with examples
🎵 Instruments: Community-wise traditional instruments
📚 Literature: Major writers and their works