MCQs

1. What is the 'Prime Goal' of foreign policy?

1. Study of national economy

2. Study the national cultural aspect of the nation

3. To protect, preserve and promote national interest

4. None of the above

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. To protect, preserve and promote national interest

Explanation:

• The fundamental objective of any country's foreign policy is to safeguard and advance its national interests.

• National interest includes:

  • Security and sovereignty

  • Economic prosperity

  • Political influence

  • Cultural promotion

• All other aspects (economy, culture) are components that serve this primary goal.

---

2. Which of the following is/are the major features of the foreign policy of Nepal?

1. Non-alignment

2. Neutrality

3. Traditional diplomacy

4. Principle of Panchasheel

1. Only 1&2

2. Only 1&4

3. Only 3&4

4. Only 2&3

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Only 1&4

Explanation:

• Non-alignment is a core principle: Nepal doesn't join military alliances and maintains balanced relations.

• Principle of Panchasheel (Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence) guides Nepal's bilateral relations.

• Nepal is not strictly "neutral" (like Switzerland) but follows "non-alignment."

• "Traditional diplomacy" is not a defining feature; it's a method, not a principle.

---

3. Which of the following does not come under the five principles of Panchasheel?

1. Non-Interference

2. Security

3. Non-aggression

4. Peaceful co-existence

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Security

Explanation: The Five Principles of Panchasheel are:

1. Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty

2. Mutual non-aggression

3. Mutual non-interference in internal affairs

4. Equality and mutual benefit

5. Peaceful coexistence "Security" is not one of the five principles; it is an outcome of adhering to them.

---

4. Which is the first country with whom Nepal has established formal diplomatic relation?

1. America

2. UK

3. India

4. China

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. UK

Explanation:

• Nepal established its first formal diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom.

• The Treaty of Sugauli (1816) was followed by the establishment of formal diplomatic ties.

• The British Residency was established in Kathmandu in 1816.

• Diplomatic relations with India, the US, and China came later.

---

5. When did Nepal establish diplomatic relation with America?

1. 1945 AD

2. 1946 AD

3. 1947 AD

4. 1948 AD

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 1947 AD

Explanation:

• Nepal established diplomatic relations with the United States on April 25, 1947.

• This was formalized through an exchange of notes between the two governments.

• The US Embassy in Kathmandu was established in 1959.

• This relationship marked Nepal's engagement with a major Western power post-WWII.

---

6. Which is the latest country with whom Nepal has established formal diplomatic relation?

1. St. Lucia

2. Kingdom of Tonga

3. Suriname

4. South Sudan

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Kingdom of Tonga

Explanation:

• As of recent records, Nepal established diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of Tonga in 2020.

• Tonga is a Polynesian kingdom comprising 169 islands.

• Nepal has been expanding its diplomatic ties with Pacific Island nations in recent years.

• South Sudan (2011) and others were recognized earlier.

---

7. Which is the First SAARC country with whom Nepal has established formal diplomatic relation?

1. India

2. Sri Lanka

3. Bhutan

4. Afghanistan

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. India

Explanation:

• Nepal established diplomatic relations with India first among SAARC countries.

• India-Nepal relations date back centuries with the 1950 Treaty of Peace and Friendship formalizing modern ties.

• Diplomatic relations with other SAARC countries:

  • Sri Lanka: 1957

  • Bhutan: 1983

  • Afghanistan: 1961

• India remains Nepal's first and most significant regional diplomatic partner.

---

8. Who was the prime minister of Nepal at the time of diplomacy with Pakistan?

1. B.P. Koirala

2. Tanka Prasad Acharya

3. Dr. K.I. Singh

4. Suya Bahadur Thapa

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. B.P. Koirala

Explanation:

• Nepal established diplomatic relations with Pakistan on March 20, 1960.

• At that time, B.P. Koirala was the Prime Minister of Nepal (1959-1960).

• This was during Nepal's first democratic government after the 1951 revolution.

• B.P. Koirala played a key role in expanding Nepal's foreign relations.

---

9. When was Nepal maintained diplomatic relationship with Sri Lanka?

1. 1980 A.D.

2. 1983 A.D.

3. 1957 A.D.

4. 1961 A.D.

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 1957 A.D.

Explanation:

• Nepal established diplomatic relations with Sri Lanka on July 1, 1957.

• This was during the reign of King Mahendra and the premiership of Tanka Prasad Acharya.

• Sri Lanka was one of the first countries in South Asia with which Nepal established formal ties.

• The relationship is based on shared Buddhist heritage and regional cooperation.

---

10. Which is the latest SAARC country with whom Nepal has established formal diplomatic relation?

1. Bangladesh

2. Sri Lanka

3. Bhutan

4. Afghanistan

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Bhutan

Explanation:

• Among SAARC countries, Nepal established diplomatic relations last with Bhutan.

• Nepal-Bhutan relations were formalized on June 1, 1983.

• This was later than other SAARC members:

  • India: 1950

  • Sri Lanka: 1957

  • Afghanistan: 1961

  • Pakistan: 1960

  • Bangladesh: 1971 (after independence)

  • Maldives: 1980

• The delay was due to historical and refugee-related issues.

---

11. Which one of the following is not constructed with the aid of Japan?

1. Kathmandu bus terminals

2. Hetauda diesel plant

3. Teaching hospital

4. Udaypur cement

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Hetauda diesel plant

Explanation:

• Japanese aid projects in Nepal include:

  • Kathmandu bus terminals (Sajha Yatayat cooperation)

  • Teaching Hospital (Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj)

  • Udaypur Cement Factory

• The Hetauda Diesel Plant was constructed with Russian (Soviet) assistance in the 1970s.

• Japan has been a major development partner since the 1960s, focusing on infrastructure, health, and education.

---

12. Which of the following was not constructed by the Russian government's assistance?

1. Panauti Hydropower Station

2. Construction of Kanti Children Hospital

3. Pathalaiya - Dhalkebar Segment of Mahendra Highway

4. Farping Hydropower

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Farping Hydropower

Explanation:

• Russian/Soviet-assisted projects in Nepal:

  • Panauti Hydropower Station (1965, first Russian aid project)

  • Kanti Children Hospital (1970s)

  • Pathalaiya-Dhalkebar Highway segment

• Farping Hydropower (2.4 MW) was Nepal's first hydropower plant, built in 1911 with British assistance.

• Russia has been a development partner since the 1950s, focusing on energy and infrastructure.

---

13. Which of the following was not constructed by the Chinese government's assistance?

1. Kathmandu - Ring road

2. Prithvi - Highway

3. LamoSaghu - Jiri

4. Araniko - Highway

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. LamoSaghu - Jiri

Explanation:

• Chinese-assisted projects in Nepal:

  • Kathmandu Ring Road (Phase I)

  • Prithvi Highway (Kathmandu-Pokhara)

  • Araniko Highway (Kathmandu-Kodari)

• Lamo Saghu-Jiri road was built with Swiss assistance in the 1970s.

• China has been a major infrastructure partner since the 1960s, with the Araniko Highway being the first major project (1967).

---

14. When was the General Assembly of the United Nations approved the flag of the UN?

1. 1945, November 24

2. 1947, October 20

3. 1947, July 15

4. 1946, August 19

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 1947, October 20

Explanation:

• The UN flag was officially adopted by the UN General Assembly on October 20, 1947.

• The design features:

  • A world map surrounded by olive branches (symbol of peace)

  • Blue background (symbol of peace)

• The flag was designed by Donal McLaughlin.

• It was first used on October 20, 1947, at the UN General Assembly session.

---

15. The United Nations Charter was signed in which of the following cities?

1. New York

2. London

3. San Francisco

4. Moscow

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. San Francisco

Explanation:

• The UN Charter was signed at the San Francisco Conference.

• The conference took place from April 25 to June 26, 1945.

• 50 countries participated and signed the Charter on June 26, 1945.

• The Charter came into force on October 24, 1945, after ratification by the five permanent Security Council members.

---

16. Which conference established the United Nations (UNO)?

1. Yalta Conference, 1945

2. San Francisco Conference, 1945

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. San Francisco Conference, 1945

Explanation:

• The San Francisco Conference (1945) formally established the United Nations.

• While the Yalta Conference (1945) discussed the UN's structure, the actual founding occurred in San Francisco.

• Key facts:

  • Conference: United Nations Conference on International Organization

  • Dates: April 25 - June 26, 1945

  • Location: San Francisco, USA

  • Outcome: UN Charter signed by 50 countries

---

17. When did UNO came into existence?

1. June 26, 1945

2. October 24, 1945

3. July 24, 1945

4. July 14, 1945

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. October 24, 1945

Explanation:

• The United Nations officially came into existence on October 24, 1945.

• This date marks:

  • The ratification of the UN Charter by the five permanent Security Council members

  • The majority of other signatory countries

• October 24 is celebrated annually as United Nations Day.

• The Charter was signed on June 26, 1945, but took effect on October 24, 1945.

---

18. Currently, how many member nations are there in the United Nations organization?

1. 190

2. 191

3. 193

4. 194

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 193

Explanation:

• As of 2023, the UN has 193 member states.

• All internationally recognized sovereign states are members except:

  • Vatican City (Holy See) - observer state only

  • Palestine - observer state

  • Taiwan - not recognized due to One-China policy

• The most recent member is South Sudan (joined July 14, 2011).

---

19. Which is the following 193rd member of UNO?

1. Palestine

2. South Sudan

3. Montenegro

4. East Timor

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. South Sudan

Explanation:

• South Sudan became the 193rd UN member on July 14, 2011.

• It gained independence from Sudan on July 9, 2011.

• The UN Security Council recommended its membership on July 13, 2011.

• The General Assembly admitted South Sudan on July 14, 2011.

---

20. Which of the following is not the purpose of the UN?

1. To develop friendly relationship among nations on the basis of equality

2. To be a centre for harmonizing the action of nations

3. To achieve international cooperation in resolving economic problems of the world

4. To maintain international peace and security

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. To be a centre for harmonizing the action of nations

Explanation:

• UN Purposes according to Article 1 of the Charter:

  1. Maintain international peace and security

  2. Develop friendly relations based on equality

  3. Achieve international cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian problems

  4. Be a center for harmonizing actions to attain these ends

• Option 2 is incorrectly worded - the UN is "a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations" TO ACHIEVE THESE ENDS, not as a standalone purpose.

---

21. Branches of which tree appear on the UN flag?

1. Eucalyptus

2. Olive

3. Maple

4. Barley

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Olive

Explanation:

• The UN flag features olive branches surrounding a world map.

• Olive branches are a classical symbol of peace.

• The design represents:

  • World map: global scope of the UN

  • Olive branches: peace

  • Blue background: peace and neutrality

• The emblem was designed by Donal McLaughlin in 1945.

---

22. Which of the following Asian language is UN official language?

1. Chinese & Japanese

2. Chinese & Hindi

3. Japanese & Arabic

4. Chinese & Arabic

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Chinese & Arabic

Explanation:

• UN Official Languages (6 total):

  1. English

  2. French

  3. Spanish

  4. Russian

  5. Chinese (Asian language)

  6. Arabic (Asian language, though also African)

• Japanese and Hindi are not official UN languages.

• Arabic was added in 1973, Chinese has been official since the UN's founding.

---

23. Which one of the following is not an official language of the United Nations?

1. Arabic

2. Chinese

3. Portuguese

4. Spanish

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Portuguese

Explanation:

• Portuguese is NOT an official UN language.

• The 6 official UN languages are:

  1. Arabic

  2. Chinese

  3. English

  4. French

  5. Russian

  6. Spanish

• Portuguese is widely spoken but lacks official UN status due to historical and political reasons.

---

24. Which of the following set of language is not UN General Assembly official language?

1. English, French, Spanish

2. English, French, Chinese

3. English, Japanese & Arabic

4. English Chinese & French

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. English, Japanese & Arabic

Explanation:

• Japanese is NOT a UN official language.

• The correct combination should only include the 6 official languages:

  • Arabic ✓

  • Chinese ✓

  • English ✓

  • French ✓

  • Russian ✓

  • Spanish ✓

• Option 3 includes Japanese, which is incorrect.

---

25. How many countries were there in the existence of period of UNO?

1. 50

2. 193

3. 51

4. 101

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 51

Explanation:

• The UN was founded with 51 original member countries.

• These countries signed the UN Charter in San Francisco in 1945.

• The number has since grown to 193 members.

• Original members included major Allied powers from WWII and other nations.

---

26. The last country to sign the Charter of UNO was

1. Poland

2. UK

3. Scotland

4. Germany

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Poland

Explanation:

• Poland was the last (51st) country to sign the UN Charter.

• Poland couldn't attend the San Francisco Conference due to political instability.

• However, it was included as an original member and signed the Charter later.

• Poland's space was left blank at the signing ceremony for later inclusion.

---

27. The Charter of UNO consists of

1. Chapter 21, Article 121

2. Chapter 19, Articles 111

3. Chapter 9, Article 99

4. Chapter 20, Articles 109

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Chapter 19, Articles 111

Explanation:

• The UN Charter consists of:

  • 19 Chapters

  • 111 Articles

• Additionally, it includes a Preamble and the Statute of the International Court of Justice.

• The Charter has been amended only 5 times since 1945.

---

28. How many articles are there in United Nation's Charter?

1. 110

2. 111

3. 112

4. 113

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 111

Explanation:

• The UN Charter contains 111 articles organized into 19 chapters.

• Key sections:

  • Purposes and Principles (Articles 1-2)

  • Organs of the UN (Articles 3-8)

  • Membership (Articles 9-10)

  • Main organs details (Articles 11-111)

---

29. The Headquarters of UNO, officially established in 1951 January 09, is located in

1. New York City

2. Vienna

3. London

4. Washington

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. New York City

Explanation:

• The UN Headquarters is located in New York City, USA.

• The complex was officially established on January 9, 1951.

• The land was donated by John D. Rockefeller Jr.

• The complex includes:

  • Secretariat Building

  • General Assembly Building

  • Conference Building

  • Library

---

30. Which one of the following is/are an objective(s) of the UNO Charter?

1. Protect human rights

2. To maintain international peace and security

3. To accelerate Social & economic growth

4. all of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. all of above

Explanation:

• All options are objectives of the UN Charter:

  1. Protect human rights (Article 1, Paragraph 3)

  2. Maintain international peace and security (Article 1, Paragraph 1)

  3. Accelerate social & economic growth (Article 1, Paragraph 3)

• The Charter's purposes are comprehensive, covering peace, development, and human rights.

---

31. The UN Charter is concerned with

1. All members of General Assembly

2. All members of Security Council

3. Permanent members of Security Council

4. All of the above

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. All of the above

Explanation:

• The UN Charter is concerned with all UN member states.

• This includes:

  • All General Assembly members (193 countries)

  • All Security Council members (15 countries)

  • Specifically, the 5 permanent Security Council members who have special responsibilities

• The Charter establishes rights and obligations for all members.

---

32. Which country is the first to withdraw its membership of UNO?

1. North Korea

2. Qatar

3. Indonesia

4. Sri Lanka

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Indonesia

Explanation:

• Indonesia was the first and only country to temporarily withdraw from the UN.

• It withdrew on January 20, 1965 during confrontation with Malaysia.

• Indonesia resumed full membership on September 28, 1966.

• No country has permanently withdrawn from the UN.

---

33. Which of following given statement(s) is/are correct?

1. Currently, there 193 member nations in the United Nations organization

2. South Sudan is the 193th member of UNO

3. The last country to sign the Charter of UNO was Poland

4. All of Above

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. All of Above

Explanation:

• All three statements are correct:

  1. True: 193 member states as of 2023

  2. True: South Sudan is the 193rd member (joined 2011)

  3. True: Poland was the last original signatory (51st country)

• These are well-established facts about UN membership history.

---

34. Which body of the United Nations Organizations is composed of all member states?

1. Security Council

2. Economic and Social Council

3. Trusteeship Council

4. General Assembly

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. General Assembly

Explanation:

• The UN General Assembly includes all 193 member states.

• Each country has one vote regardless of size or population.

• Functions:

  • Discuss any international issue

  • Approve budget

  • Elect non-permanent Security Council members

  • Make recommendations (not legally binding)

• Other organs have limited membership.

---

35. Which organ of the United Nations Organizations is responsible for coordinating the work its specialized agencies?

1. General assembly

2. Economic and social council

3. Secretariat

4. Security council

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Economic and social council

Explanation:

• The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) coordinates:

  • UN specialized agencies (WHO, UNESCO, etc.)

  • Functional commissions

  • Regional commissions

• ECOSOC has 54 members elected by the General Assembly.

• It serves as the central forum for discussing international economic and social issues.

---

36. The first lady to chair the General Assembly of UN is;

1. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

2. Wangi Brooks

3. Haya Rashed Al-khalifa

4. Maria Fernanda Espinosa

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

Explanation:

• Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (India) was the first female President of the UN General Assembly.

• She served during the 8th session (1953-1954).

• She was also India's first woman cabinet minister.

• Other women presidents came later.

---

37. Which is the first country whose membership of UNO was dissolved?

1. North Korea

2. Qatar

3. Indonesia

4. Taiwan

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Taiwan

Explanation:

• Taiwan's (Republic of China) membership was effectively dissolved in 1971.

• UN General Assembly Resolution 2758 transferred China's seat to the People's Republic of China.

• Taiwan had been a founding UN member since 1945.

• This remains a contentious issue in international relations.

---

38. Which one of the following is/are a function(s) of the UN General Assembly?

1. Any matter affecting International peace & Security

2. It passes UN budget of the UN.

3. It elects the Non- permanent members of the Security Council

4. All of Above

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. All of Above

Explanation:

• All are functions of the General Assembly:

  1. Discuss any international issue including peace and security

  2. Approve UN budget (Article 17)

  3. Elect non-permanent Security Council members (10 members)

• The GA also elects ECOSOC members, judges of ICJ, and appoints the Secretary-General (upon SC recommendation).

---

39. Which of the following is the main body of the United Nation organization?

1. Trusteeship Council

2. General Assembly

3. Security Council

4. Secretariat

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. General Assembly

Explanation:

• The General Assembly is considered the main deliberative body of the UN.

• Reasons:

  • Includes all 193 member states

  • "Parliament of nations"

  • Broadest mandate to discuss any international issue

  • Oversees UN budget and administration

• While the Security Council has enforcement power, the GA represents universal membership.

---

40. Who is the person to deliver the longest speech in the General Assembly?

1. Henry Paul

2. Fidel Castro

3. Maria Fernando Espinosa

4. Wangi Brooks

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Fidel Castro

Explanation:

• Fidel Castro (Cuba) delivered the longest UN speech on September 26, 1960.

• Duration: 4 hours and 29 minutes

• Context: Cold War era, Cuba's revolutionary government

• The speech set a record that still stands for single-session length.

---

41. Which of the following organs of the United Nations Organization elects judges of the International court of Justice?

1. The economic and social council

2. The Security Council and the General Assembly

3. The trusteeship council and the economic and social council

4. The Security Council

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. The Security Council and the General Assembly

Explanation:

• Judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) are elected by both:

  • UN General Assembly (all 193 members)

  • UN Security Council (15 members)

• Election requires:

  • Absolute majority in both bodies

  • 15 judges total

  • 9-year terms

  • Staggered elections every 3 years

• This dual election ensures broad international acceptance of ICJ judges.

---

42. Which General Assembly was conducted as the millennium General Assembly by UNO?

1. 53rd

2. 54th

3. 55th

4. 56th

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 55th

Explanation:

• The 55th UN General Assembly (2000-2001) was designated as the Millennium General Assembly.

• Key events:

  • Millennium Summit (September 6-8, 2000)

  • Adoption of the UN Millennium Declaration

  • Setting of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

  • Largest gathering of world leaders at that time

• This session marked the beginning of the 21st century with renewed commitment to global cooperation.

---

43. Which countries are the Permanent of the Security Council of UNO?

1. China, Russia, America, Britain & Germany

2. China, Russia, America, Britain & France

3. Russia, America, Britain, France & Japan

4. America, Japan, Germany, France & Britain

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. China, Russia, America, Britain & France

Explanation:

• The 5 Permanent Members (P5) of the UN Security Council are:

  1. China (People's Republic of China, seat transferred from Taiwan in 1971)

  2. Russia (successor to Soviet Union seat in 1991)

  3. United States (America)

  4. United Kingdom (Britain)

  5. France

• These were the victorious Allied powers in WWII.

• Each has veto power over substantive Security Council resolutions.

---

44. How many members of the United Nation's Security Council have veto power?

1. 3

2. 4

3. 5

4. 6

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 5

Explanation:

• 5 members have veto power in the Security Council.

• These are the Permanent Members (P5):

  1. China

  2. France

  3. Russia

  4. United Kingdom

  5. United States

• Veto power means any one of these can block adoption of a substantive resolution.

• The 10 non-permanent members do NOT have veto power.

---

45. Which of the following is not permanent member of Security Council?

1. France

2. China

3. Germany

4. UK

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Germany

Explanation:

• Germany is NOT a permanent member of the Security Council.

• Germany is a non-permanent member (elected for 2-year terms).

• Germany has served multiple terms as non-permanent member (most recently 2019-2020).

• Germany is part of the G4 nations (with Brazil, India, Japan) seeking permanent membership reform.

---

46. In which year was Nepal first elected on a Non-Permanent member of the united Nation Security Council?

1. 1955AD

2. 1961AD

3. 1964AD

4. 1969 AD

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. 1969 AD

Explanation:

• Nepal was first elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council for 1969-1970.

• This was Nepal's first term on the Security Council.

• Election details:

  • Year elected: 1968 (for 1969-1970 term)

  • Asia-Pacific Group seat

  • Significant achievement for a small, landlocked country

• Nepal has since served a second term in 1988-1989.

---

47. Nepal had been the temporary member of UN Security Council for ______ tenure.

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 2

Explanation:

• Nepal has served two terms as a non-permanent (temporary) member of the Security Council:

  1. First term: 1969-1970

  2. Second term: 1988-1989

• Each term lasts 2 years.

• Non-permanent members:

  • 10 total elected by General Assembly

  • 5 replaced each year

  • Cannot serve consecutive terms

• Nepal actively participates in UN peacekeeping and multilateral diplomacy.

---

48. Where is the headquarters of United Nations Security Council is located?

1. Washington

2. New York

3. Geneva

4. Vienna

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. New York

Explanation:

• The UN Security Council is headquartered in New York City, USA.

• Specific location: UN Headquarters complex in Manhattan.

• The Security Council Chamber features:

  • Norwegian-designed mural symbolizing peace and freedom

  • Horseshoe-shaped table arrangement

  • Advanced simultaneous interpretation facilities

• While other UN offices exist globally (Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi), the Security Council primarily operates from New York.

---

49. How many temporary members should be there in the provision of UNO Security Council?

1. 15

2. 5

3. 9

4. 10

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. 10

Explanation:

• The Security Council has 10 non-permanent (temporary) members.

• Total Security Council composition:

  • 5 permanent members (with veto)

  • 10 non-permanent members (without veto)

  • Total: 15 members

• Non-permanent members are elected for 2-year terms by the General Assembly.

• Regional distribution of non-permanent seats:

  • Africa: 3 seats

  • Asia-Pacific: 2 seats

  • Latin America & Caribbean: 2 seats

  • Western Europe & Others: 2 seats

  • Eastern Europe: 1 seat

---

50. Which one of the following is/are true regarding UN Security Council?

1. The first country to use veto power is Russia

2. The country to use veto for most number of times is Russia

3. The country to use least veto power is France

4. All of Above

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. All of Above

Explanation:

• All statements are historically accurate:

  1. First veto: Soviet Union (Russia) used the first veto on February 16, 1946 on the Syrian-Lebanese complaint.

  2. Most vetoes: Russia/USSR has used the veto most frequently (over 120 times as of 2023).

  3. Least vetoes: France has used the veto least among P5 members (only 16 times as of 2023).

• Veto statistics reflect Cold War dynamics and changing geopolitical patterns.

---

51. Human Rights Council in the United Nations is the subsidiary organ of

1. Security Council

2. Economic and Social Council

3. General assembly

4. International Court of Justice

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Economic and Social Council

Explanation:

• The UN Human Rights Council (HRC) is a subsidiary organ of ECOSOC (Economic and Social Council).

• Established: 2006 (replacing the Commission on Human Rights)

• Based in: Geneva, Switzerland

• Composition: 47 member states elected by General Assembly

• Functions:

  • Promote and protect human rights globally

  • Address human rights violations

  • Conduct Universal Periodic Review of all UN members

• ECOSOC coordinates UN's human rights mechanisms.

---

52. Nepal had been the member of UN economic and Social Council for ______ tenure.

1. 1

2. 3

3. 3

4. 4

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 3

Explanation:

• Nepal has served three terms on the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).

• ECOSOC terms:

  • 54 members total

  • 3-year terms

  • Elected by General Assembly

  • Seats allocated by geographic region

• Nepal's engagement in ECOSOC reflects its focus on:

  • Development issues

  • Least Developed Country (LDC) concerns

  • Sustainable development goals

  • Climate change and mountain issues

---

53. How many member counties are there in UNHCR? (PSC-2076)

1. 193

2. 54

3. 58

4. 135

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. 135

Explanation:

• UNHCR (UN Refugee Agency) has 135 member states.

• UNHCR is governed by the UNHCR Executive Committee.

• Established: 1950 to help World War II refugees

• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland

• Nepal's relationship with UNHCR:

  • Hosts refugees from Bhutan (since 1990s)

  • Nepali peacekeepers work in refugee settings

  • Nepal is a member of UNHCR's Executive Committee

---

54. When was the International Court of Justice was established?

1. 1947 A.D.

2. 1946 A.D.

3. 1955 A.D.

4. 1948 A.D.

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 1946 A.D.

Explanation:

• The International Court of Justice (ICJ) was established in 1946.

• Key dates:

  • UN Charter signed: June 26, 1945 (includes ICJ statute)

  • ICJ Statute entered into force: October 24, 1945

  • First session held: April 18, 1946

  • Inaugural sitting: April 18, 1946 at Peace Palace, The Hague

• The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the UN, succeeding the Permanent Court of International Justice.

---

55. The headquarters of International Court of Justice is located in

1. London

2. Vienna

3. The Hague

4. Washington

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. The Hague

Explanation:

• The International Court of Justice is located in The Hague, Netherlands.

• Specific venue: Peace Palace (Vredespaleis)

• The Peace Palace also houses:

  • Permanent Court of Arbitration

  • Hague Academy of International Law

  • Peace Palace Library

• The Hague is known as the "International City of Peace and Justice" hosting multiple international courts and tribunals.

---

56. How many members are there in the International Court of Justice and what is their tenure?

1. 10 members and 5 years

2. 15 members and 9 years

3. 9 members and 9 years

4. 10 members and 9 years

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 15 members and 9 years

Explanation:

• The International Court of Justice has:

  • 15 judges total

  • 9-year terms

• Election process:

  • Elected by UN General Assembly and Security Council

  • Staggered elections every 3 years (5 judges elected each time)

  • No two judges from same country

  • Represent principal legal systems of the world

• Judges can be re-elected and serve until successors are chosen.

---

57. Which of the following nation has withdraw its membership from international court of criminal (ICC) in recent time?

1. Japan

2. Philippines

3. China

4. Russia

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Philippines

Explanation:

• The Philippines withdrew from the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 2019.

• Timeline:

  • Joined ICC: 2011

  • Withdrawal announced: March 2018

  • Effective: March 2019

• Reason: Disagreement over ICC's investigation into President Duterte's drug war.

• Other notable withdrawals:

  • Burundi (2017)

  • Russia (signed but never ratified, withdrew signature in 2016)

• China, Japan remain non-members (never joined).

---

58. Who are the members of the United Nations Trusteeship Council?

1. All members of the General Assembly

2. All members of the Security Council

3. Permanent members of the Security Council

4. Members of the Economic and Social Council

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Permanent members of the Security Council

Explanation:

• The Trusteeship Council members are the 5 Permanent Security Council members:

  1. China

  2. France

  3. Russia

  4. United Kingdom

  5. United States

• Original purpose: Supervise administration of trust territories (colonies moving toward independence).

• With independence of last trust territory (Palau) in 1994, the Council suspended operations.

• The Council remains in existence but meets only as needed.

---

59. Trusteeship Council suspended its operation since

1. 1990 AD

2. 1991 AD

3. 1993 AD

4. 1994 AD

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. 1994 AD

Explanation:

• The Trusteeship Council suspended operations in 1994.

• Key events:

  • Last trust territory: Palau (Pacific Islands)

  • Palau's independence: October 1, 1994

  • Council's last regular session: November 1, 1994

• The Council successfully completed its mandate of decolonization.

• It now meets only on an exceptional basis when required.

---

60. Why did the Trusteeship Council suspend its operation?

1. Due to the used of USA veto

2. Due to Security Council disputes

3. due to completion of its mandate

4. due to disputes between Member States

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. due to completion of its mandate

Explanation:

• The Trusteeship Council suspended operations because it completed its mandate.

• Historical context:

  • Established to oversee transition of trust territories to independence

  • 11 trust territories originally

  • Last territory (Palau) achieved independence in 1994

  • No more territories to supervise

• The Council's success represents a major achievement in UN-led decolonization.

• Proposals exist to repurpose the Council for new global challenges.

---

61. Who was the first Secretary General of UNO?

1. U Thant

2. Kofi Annan

3. Trygve Lie

4. Dag Hammarskjold

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Trygve Lie

Explanation:

• Trygve Lie (Norway) was the first UN Secretary-General.

• Term: February 1, 1946 - November 10, 1952

• Key achievements:

  • Established UN Secretariat structure

  • Managed early Cold War tensions

  • Supervised UN response to Korean War

• Resigned due to Soviet opposition to his pro-Western stance.

• Later SGs built upon his foundational work.

---

62. Which country does the ninth general of UNO Mr. Antonio Guterres belong?

1. South Korea

2. Poland

3. Norway

4. Portugal

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Portugal

Explanation:

• Antonio Guterres is from Portugal.

• He is the 9th Secretary-General of the UN.

• Term began: January 1, 2017 (re-elected for second term 2022-2026)

• Background:

  • Prime Minister of Portugal (1995-2002)

  • UN High Commissioner for Refugees (2005-2015)

  • Trained as an engineer

• Focus areas: Climate action, sustainable development, conflict prevention, UN reform.

---

63. Antonio Guterres becomes the Secretary General to visit Nepal?

1. 5th

2. 6th

3. 7th

4. 9th

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 6th

Explanation:

• Antonio Guterres is the 6th UN Secretary-General to visit Nepal.

• Previous visiting SGs:

  1. U Thant (1967) - first SG to visit

  2. Kurt Waldheim (1970s)

  3. Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (1980s)

  4. Boutros Boutros-Ghali (1990s)

  5. Ban Ki-moon (2008, 2016)

  6. Antonio Guterres (2018, 2023)

• Guterres visited Nepal in October 2018 and again in October 2023.

---

64. Who was the first Secretary General of UNO to Visit in Nepal?

1. U Thant

2. Kofi Annan

3. Trigve lie

4. Dag Hammarskjold

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. U Thant

Explanation:

• U Thant was the first UN Secretary-General to visit Nepal.

• Visit details:

  • Year: 1967

  • Purpose: Inaugurate UN-assisted projects

  • Context: Nepal's development engagement with UN

• U Thant served as SG from 1961-1971 (acting from 1961, formally 1962-1971).

• He was from Burma (now Myanmar) and played key role in decolonization.

---

65. Who is the Secretary General of UNO died in plane Crash?

1. U Thant

2. Kofi Annan

3. Trigve lie

4. Dag Hammarskjold

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Dag Hammarskjold

Explanation:

• Dag Hammarskjold (Sweden) died in a plane crash.

• Incident details:

  • Date: September 18, 1961

  • Location: Near Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)

  • Mission: Peace negotiations during Congo Crisis

  • Aircraft: DC-6

• He served as UN Secretary-General from 1953 until his death.

• Posthumously awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1961.

• Circumstances of crash remain controversial (possible assassination).

---

66. Which Secretary General of UN presented The Quiet Revolution Concept Paper?

1. Boutros Boutros-Ghali

2. U Thant

3. Kofi Annan

4. Dag Hammarskjold

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Kofi Annan

Explanation:

• Kofi Annan presented the "Quiet Revolution" reform agenda.

• Context: 1997 UN reform program

• Key elements:

  • Streamlined UN management

  • Improved coordination among agencies

  • Enhanced development focus

  • Better human rights integration

• Kofi Annan served as SG from 1997-2006.

• He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001 jointly with the UN.

---

67. Which organ of the United Nations cannot be attended by the Secretary General of the United Nations?

1. Security Council

2. International Court of Justice

3. Security Council

4. General Assembly

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. International Court of Justice

Explanation:

• The Secretary-General cannot attend International Court of Justice proceedings.

• Reason: Judicial independence of the ICJ.

• The ICJ operates independently from UN political organs.

• The Secretary-General can:

  • Attend Security Council meetings

  • Address General Assembly

  • Participate in ECOSOC sessions

• The SG's role is political/administrative, not judicial.

---

68. For how many years is the Secretary General's working period at a time?

1. 3 years

2. 6 years

3. 5 years

4. 4 years

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 5 years

Explanation:

• The UN Secretary-General serves 5-year terms.

• Appointment process:

  • Recommended by Security Council (P5 consensus needed)

  • Approved by General Assembly (2/3 majority)

• No term limits in Charter, but tradition suggests:

  • Maximum 2 terms

  • Regional rotation (informal)

• Current practice: First term 5 years, eligible for re-election for second 5-year term.

---

69. Which Secretary General of United Nations, presented the report called Blue print agenda?

1. Uthant

2. Boutros Boutros-Ghal

3. Wan ki- Moon

4. Kofi Annan

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Ban Ki-moon

Explanation:

• Ban Ki-moon presented the "Blueprint Agenda".

• Full title: "The Future We Want" (Rio+20 outcome document, 2012)

• Key elements:

  • Sustainable Development Goals framework

  • Green economy concepts

  • Institutional framework for sustainable development

• Ban Ki-moon served as SG from 2007-2016.

• Focus areas: Climate change, sustainable development, UN reform.

---

70. Secretary General of United Nations, whom was awarded with the Nobel Prize in Peace for the year 1961 A.D.?

1. Uthant

2. Dag Hammarskjold

3. Boutros Boutros-Ghan

4. Trygvee lee

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Dag Hammarskjold

Explanation:

• Dag Hammarskjold was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1961.

• Award details:

  • Awarded posthumously (died September 1961)

  • Citation: "For developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization"

• He was the first UN official to receive the prize.

• The UN as an organization received the prize in 2001 (shared with Kofi Annan).

---

71. Which of the following Specialized Agencies of United Nations awarded Noble peace prize for two times?

1. International labor Organization (ILO)

2. UNHCR

3. International Committees of the red cross

4. UNICEF

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. UNHCR

Explanation:

• UNHCR (UN Refugee Agency) has won the Nobel Peace Prize twice:

  1. 1954: For assistance to European refugees post-WWII

  2. 1981: For global refugee assistance

• UNHCR is the only UN agency to win twice.

• Other UN-related Nobel winners:

  • UNICEF: 1965

  • ILO: 1969

  • UN Peacekeeping: 1988

  • UN/Annan: 2001

  • IPCC: 2007 (shared)

  • WFP: 2020

---

72. Which of the following Organization awarded Noble peace prize for three times?

1. Human rights council

2. World Bank

3. International committee of the Red Cross

4. UN Peacekeeping forces

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. International committee of the Red Cross

Explanation:

• The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has won three Nobel Peace Prizes:

  1. 1917: WWI humanitarian work

  2. 1944: WWII humanitarian work

  3. 1963: 100th anniversary (shared with League of Red Cross Societies)

• ICRC is NOT a UN agency but works closely with UN humanitarian operations.

• It's the most awarded organization in Nobel Peace Prize history.

• Founded: 1863, Geneva, Switzerland

---

73. When did international labor organization (ILO) received the Nobel peace prize?

1. 1970A.D.

2. 1969 A.D.

3. 1972 A.D.

4. 1973 A.D.

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 1969 A.D.

Explanation:

• The ILO received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969.

• 50th anniversary year of ILO (founded 1919)

• Citation: "For creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country"

• ILO's unique tripartite structure (governments, employers, workers) was recognized.

• The ILO became a UN specialized agency in 1946.

---

74. When did International UNICEF received the Nobel peace prize?

1. 1981A.D.

2. 1965 A.D.

3. 1972 A.D.

4. 1954 A.D.

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 1965 A.D.

Explanation:

• UNICEF received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965.

• Citation: "For its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states"

• UNICEF was recognized for:

  • Child survival and development programs

  • Emergency relief for children

  • Promotion of children's rights

• UNICEF Executive Director Henry R. Labouisse accepted the prize on behalf of the organization.

---

75. At which article of United Nations Charter, establishment of specialized agencies are mentioned?

1. 52

2. 57

3. 51

4. 53

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 57

Explanation:

• Article 57 of the UN Charter addresses specialized agencies.

• Text: "The various specialized agencies, established by intergovernmental agreement and having wide international responsibilities... shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations."

• These agencies are autonomous but work with the UN through ECOSOC.

• Examples: WHO, UNESCO, FAO, ILO, IMF, World Bank, etc.

• Currently 15 specialized agencies coordinate with the UN system.

---

76. What is the first specialized agency of UNO?

1. UNHRC

2. ILO

3. FAO

4. WB

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. ILO

Explanation:

• The ILO (International Labour Organization) is the first and oldest UN specialized agency.

• Key facts:

  • Founded: 1919 (as part of League of Nations)

  • Became UN agency: 1946

  • Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland

  • Unique feature: Tripartite structure (governments, employers, workers)

• The ILO predates the UN itself.

• It sets international labor standards and promotes decent work worldwide.

---

77. Which UN Organization became the first to accept a donation in crypto currency?

1. UNICEF

2. ILO

3. UNESCO

4. WHO

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. UNICEF

Explanation:

• UNICEF was the first UN organization to accept cryptocurrency donations.

• Initiative launched: October 2019

• Through UNICEF Cryptocurrency Fund

• Accepts: Bitcoin and Ethereum

• Purpose: Fund open-source technology benefiting children worldwide

• First cryptocurrency donations funded projects in:

  • Kazakhstan

  • Kyrgyzstan

  • Other developing countries

• Part of UNICEF's innovation and digital transformation strategy.

---

78. Which of the following UN agencies focuses on poverty reduction and the improvement of living standards worldwide?

1. World Bank

2. IMF

3. WHO

4. ILO

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. World Bank

Explanation:

• The World Bank Group primarily focuses on poverty reduction and improving living standards.

• Mission: "End extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity"

• Key functions:

  • Provides loans and grants to developing countries

  • Funds development projects

  • Offers policy advice and technical assistance

• World Bank Group consists of:

  • IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)

  • IDA (International Development Association)

  • IFC (International Finance Corporation)

  • MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency)

  • ICSID (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes)

---

79. Which of the following is not organ of United Nations?

1. International Court of Justice

2. Economic and Social Council

3. Secretariat

4. International Monetary Fund

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. International Monetary Fund

Explanation:

• The IMF is NOT a principal organ of the United Nations.

• Six principal UN organs (Article 7 of Charter):

  1. General Assembly

  2. Security Council

  3. Economic and Social Council

  4. Trusteeship Council

  5. International Court of Justice

  6. Secretariat

• The IMF is a specialized agency that works with the UN but is legally and financially independent.

• IMF focuses on international monetary cooperation, exchange rates, and balance of payments.

---

80. Which of the following is a World Bank group of five institutions?

1. IMF

2. IDA

3. ILO

4. ITU

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. IDA

Explanation:

• IDA (International Development Association) is one of the five institutions of the World Bank Group.

• World Bank Group institutions:

  1. IBRD - International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

  2. IDA - International Development Association (this option)

  3. IFC - International Finance Corporation

  4. MIGA - Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

  5. ICSID - International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

• IDA provides concessional loans and grants to world's poorest countries.

• Nepal is eligible for both IBRD and IDA financing.

---

81. The headquarters of International Atomic Energy Agency is located in

1. London

2. Vienna

3. Paraguay

4. Washington

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Vienna

Explanation:

• The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is headquartered in Vienna, Austria.

• Established: 1957 as an autonomous organization

• Relationship with UN: Reports to both UN General Assembly and Security Council

• Primary functions:

  • Promote peaceful use of nuclear energy

  • Prevent nuclear weapons proliferation

  • Implement nuclear safeguards

• The IAEA was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005.

---

82. WTO came into existence in the year

1. 1977 A.D.

2. 1985 A.D.

3. 1995 A.D.

4. 1950 A.D.

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 1995 A.D.

Explanation:

• The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established on January 1, 1995.

• Replaced: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which existed since 1948

• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland

• Key functions:

  • Administering trade agreements

  • Forum for trade negotiations

  • Handling trade disputes

  • Monitoring trade policies

• Current members: 164 countries (as of 2023)

---

83. Which among the following is not a specialized agency of the United Nations Organization?

1. World Trade organization

2. World Health organization

3. World meteorological organization

4. World intellectual property

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. World Trade organization

Explanation:

• The WTO is NOT a UN specialized agency.

• Relationship: WTO has observer status in the UN but maintains separate membership and governance.

• UN specialized agencies (15 total) include:

  • WHO (World Health Organization)

  • WMO (World Meteorological Organization)

  • WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)

  • UNESCO, FAO, ILO, IMF, World Bank, etc.

• WTO cooperates with UN agencies but operates independently under its own treaty (Marrakesh Agreement).

---

84. Which one of the following is not the organ of United Nation?

1. Security Council

2. Peace Keeping Coordination Council

3. Economic Social Council

4. International Court of Justice

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Peace Keeping Coordination Council

Explanation:

• There is NO "Peace Keeping Coordination Council" as a UN principal organ.

• Six principal UN organs (Article 7 of UN Charter):

  1. General Assembly

  2. Security Council

  3. Economic and Social Council

  4. Trusteeship Council

  5. International Court of Justice

  6. Secretariat

• Peacekeeping operations are coordinated by the Department of Peace Operations (DPO) within the Secretariat.

• Peacekeeping missions are authorized by the Security Council.

---

85. Which of the following is not function of United Nations Development Program (UNDP)?

1. Protect Refugees worldwide

2. Poverty reduction

3. Crisis prevention and recovery

4. Energy and environment

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Protect Refugees worldwide

Explanation:

• Protecting refugees is NOT UNDP's function.

• UNDP's core functions:

  • Poverty reduction (Sustainable Development Goal 1)

  • Crisis prevention and recovery (building resilience)

  • Energy and environment (climate change, sustainable energy)

  • Democratic governance

  • HIV/AIDS response

• Refugee protection is handled by:

  • UNHCR (UN Refugee Agency) - primary responsibility

  • Other agencies: UNICEF (children), WFP (food), WHO (health)

---

86. From which institution the concept of good governance has developed?

1. International Monetary fund IMF

2. World Bank WB

3. United Nations development fund UNDF

4. European Union EU

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. World Bank WB

Explanation:

• The concept of "good governance" was popularized by the World Bank in the 1980s/1990s.

• Historical context:

  • 1989: World Bank report "Sub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Growth"

  • Defined governance as "the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources"

• Key dimensions of good governance:

  • Accountability

  • Transparency

  • Rule of law

  • Participation

  • Equity and inclusiveness

• Now adopted by UN, IMF, EU, and other international organizations.

---

87. Which one of the following is not the organ of United Nation?

1. Security Council

2. Peace Keeping Coordination Council

3. Economic & Social Council

4. International Court of Justice

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Peace Keeping Coordination Council

Explanation:

• Repeated question (same as #84).

• Peace Keeping Coordination Council does NOT exist as a UN principal organ.

• UN peacekeeping is managed by:

  • Security Council: Authorizes missions

  • Department of Peace Operations (DPO): Implements and manages

  • General Assembly: Approves budget

  • Secretariat: Provides administrative support

---

88. Where is United Nations university located?

1. New York, America

2. Geneva, Switzerland

3. Tokyo, Japan

4. Rome, Italy

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Tokyo, Japan

Explanation:

• The United Nations University (UNU) is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.

• Established: 1973 (began operations 1975)

• Status: Autonomous UN body

• Mission: Research and capacity building on global issues

• Structure:

  • Headquarters: Tokyo

  • Institutes and programs worldwide (13 locations)

  • Examples: UNU-WIDER (Helsinki), UNU-EHS (Bonn), UNU-MERIT (Maastricht)

• Focus areas: Sustainable development, peace, climate change, technology

---

89. Match the Group I with Group II and choose the correct answer.

Group I a. International Monetary Fund (IMF) b. International Labor Organization (ILO) c. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) d. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

Group II

1. Canada

2. Italy

3. USA

4. Switzerland

1. a2, b3, c4, d1

2. a3, b4, c2, d1

3. a3, b2, c1, d4

4. a1, b3, c2, d4

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. a3, b4, c2, d1

Explanation:

• Correct matching:

  • a. IMF → 3. USA (Washington D.C.)

  • b. ILO → 4. Switzerland (Geneva)

  • c. FAO → 2. Italy (Rome)

  • d. ICAO → 1. Canada (Montreal)

• This matches the headquarters locations of these UN specialized agencies.

• Other important headquarters:

  • WHO: Geneva, Switzerland

  • UNESCO: Paris, France

  • UNIDO: Vienna, Austria

---

90. Which of the following UN agencies has its headquarters at Paris

1. UNESCO

2. ILO

3. FAO

4. IMO

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. UNESCO

Explanation:

• UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is headquartered in Paris, France.

• Established: 1945

• Main building location: Place de Fontenoy, Paris 7th arrondissement

• Functions:

  • Education for all

  • Cultural heritage protection

  • Scientific cooperation

  • Freedom of expression

• Other Paris-based organizations: OECD, but not UN agencies.

---

91. Which of the following is not an agency of UNO?

1. World Health Organization

2. International Monetary Fund

3. International Committee of the Red Cross

4. Food and Agricultural Organization

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. International Committee of the Red Cross

Explanation:

• ICRC is NOT a UN agency.

• ICRC status:

  • Independent humanitarian organization

  • Founded: 1863 (predates UN)

  • Based: Geneva, Switzerland

  • Mandate: Protect victims of armed conflict (Geneva Conventions)

• UN agencies (specialized agencies):

  • WHO, IMF, FAO are all UN specialized agencies

  • They have formal agreements with UN ECOSOC

• ICRC works closely with UN but maintains separate governance and funding.

---

92. The headquarters of Food and Agriculture Organization is in

1. Paris

2. Rome

3. Madrid

4. Washington

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Rome

Explanation:

• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) is headquartered in Rome, Italy.

• Established: 1945 (first UN specialized agency)

• Location: Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome

• Mandate: Defeat hunger, improve nutrition, promote sustainable agriculture

• Other Rome-based UN agencies:

  • World Food Programme (WFP)

  • International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

• These three form the Rome-based UN agencies focusing on food and agriculture.

---

93. The headquarters of World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is located in

1. Paris

2. Madrid

3. New York

4. Geneva

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Geneva

Explanation:

• WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

• Established: 1967 (became UN specialized agency in 1974)

• Location: Geneva's "International District" near other UN agencies

• Functions:

  • Protect intellectual property worldwide

  • Administer international IP treaties

  • Promote innovation and creativity

• Geneva hosts many UN agencies: WHO, ILO, UNHCR, ITU, etc.

---

94. When ILO became a specialized agency of UN?

1. 1919 AD

2. 1945 AD

3. 1946 AD

4. 1950 AD

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 1946 AD

Explanation:

• The ILO became a UN specialized agency in 1946.

• Timeline:

  • 1919: ILO founded as part of League of Nations

  • 1944: Philadelphia Declaration (updated ILO's aims)

  • 1946: ILO becomes first UN specialized agency

  • 1969: Receives Nobel Peace Prize

• ILO's unique feature: Tripartite structure (governments, employers, workers)

• Current members: 187 countries

---

95. Which of the following UN agencies has received Nobel Peace Prize in 2020 A.D.?

1. UNHCR

2. UNICEF

3. WFP

4. ILO

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. WFP

Explanation:

• WFP (World Food Programme) received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2020.

• Citation: "For its efforts to combat hunger, for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict."

• WFP facts:

  • Established: 1961

  • Headquarters: Rome, Italy

  • World's largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger

  • Assists approximately 100 million people in 88 countries annually

---

96. Which of the following agencies assesses the "LDC Graduation"?

1. WB

2. IMF

3. UNO

4. ADB

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. UNO

Explanation:

• LDC (Least Developed Country) graduation is assessed by the UN.

• Specifically: UN Committee for Development Policy (CDP)

• Process:

  • Triennial reviews

  • Three criteria:

    1. Income (GNI per capita)

    2. Human Assets Index (health, education)

    3. Economic Vulnerability Index

  • Must meet thresholds for two consecutive reviews

• Recent Nepali context:

  • Nepal met graduation criteria in 2018 and 2021

  • Scheduled to graduate in 2026

  • Five-year preparatory period (2021-2026)

---

97. In which Country, UNO has spent highest quantity of Budget?

1. Mali

2. Syria

3. Haiti

4. Cambodia

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Cambodia

Explanation:

• Historically, Cambodia received the highest UN budget allocation.

• Context: UNTAC (United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia) 1992-1993

• UNTAC budget: Approximately $1.6 billion (largest UN operation at that time)

• Other large UN missions:

  • Former Yugoslavia

  • Somalia

  • Democratic Republic of Congo

• Current large missions (2023):

  • MINUSMA (Mali)

  • UNMISS (South Sudan)

  • MONUSCO (DRC)

---

98. The mission to which nation has been declared as the UN's most dangerous Peace keeping Mission

1. Sudan

2. Haiti

3. Syria

4. Mali

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Mali

Explanation:

• MINUSMA (United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali) is considered the most dangerous UN peacekeeping mission.

• Established: 2013

• Casualties (as of 2023):

  • Over 280 peacekeeper fatalities

  • Majority from hostile acts (terrorist attacks)

• Challenges:

  • Complex security environment

  • Terrorist groups (Al-Qaeda, ISIS affiliates)

  • Inter-communal violence

  • Political instability

• MINUSMA's mandate ended in December 2023 after Mali's request for withdrawal.

---

99. When was the Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women issued?

1. 1955 AD

2. 1975 AD

3. 1967 AD

4. 1979 AD

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. 1979 AD

Explanation:

• CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) was adopted in 1979.

• Key dates:

  • Adopted by UN General Assembly: December 18, 1979

  • Entered into force: September 3, 1981

• Often described as "International Bill of Rights for Women"

• Nepal's involvement:

  • Ratified: April 22, 1991

  • Reservations: Some initially, mostly withdrawn

  • Periodic reports: Submitted to CEDAW Committee

---

100. As of October, 2023, there are ______ member states as the parties on UN convention against Corruption.

1. 183

2. 190

3. 189

4. 181

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 190

Explanation:

• UNCAC (UN Convention against Corruption) has 190 parties as of October 2023.

• Adopted: 2003 (Merida, Mexico)

• Entered into force: 2005

• Nearly universal ratification (all UN members except):

  • Eritrea

  • North Korea

  • South Sudan (signed but not ratified)

• UNCAC is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument.

• Nepal: Ratified in 2011.

---

101. In which year, UN celebrated international peace on;

1. 1984

2. 1990

3. 1986

4. 2001

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 1986

Explanation:

• The International Day of Peace was first celebrated in 1986.

• Established by: UN General Assembly Resolution 36/67 (1981)

• Date: September 21 annually

• Originally: Third Tuesday of September (1981-2001)

• Changed to fixed date (Sept 21) by Resolution 55/282 (2001)

• Theme for 2023: "Actions for Peace: Our Ambition for the #GlobalGoals"

---

102. The United Nations General Assembly has declared 2023 as the ______

1. International Year of Plant Health

2. International Year of Fruits and Vegetables

3. International Year of Indigenous Languages

4. International Year of Millets

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. International Year of Millets

Explanation:

• 2023 was declared the International Year of Millets by UN General Assembly.

• Resolution: A/RES/75/325 (2021)

• Proposed by: India, supported by over 70 countries

• Objectives:

  • Raise awareness of millets' health and nutritional benefits

  • Promote sustainable cultivation

  • Enhance market opportunities

• Millets are climate-resilient crops important for food security.

---

103. Which period was declared to mark as "World Decade of Indigenous Language" by United Nations?

1. Between 1991 from 2000

2. between 1995 to 2004

3. Between 2022 to 2032

4. between 2000 to 2010

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Between 2022 to 2032

Explanation:

• The International Decade of Indigenous Languages is 2022-2032.

• Proclaimed by: UN General Assembly (2019)

• Follows: International Year of Indigenous Languages (2019)

• Led by: UNESCO

• Objectives:

  • Draw attention to critical loss of indigenous languages

  • Mobilize stakeholders for preservation

  • Promote linguistic diversity

• Nepal context: Over 120 languages, many endangered.

---

104. Nepal was attained membership of UNO in ______

1. 26th June, 1945

2. October 24, 1945

3. July 24, 1945

4. December 14, 1955

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. December 14, 1955

Explanation:

• Nepal became a UN member on December 14, 1955.

• Context:

  • Applied: 1949 (first application rejected due to Cold War politics)

  • Recommended by Security Council: December 7, 1955

  • Admitted by General Assembly: December 14, 1955

  • 16 countries admitted together in "package deal" ending membership deadlock

• Nepal was among first countries admitted after 10-year freeze on new members.

---

105. Nepal had been the temporary member of UN Security Council for two tenure in ______

1. 1969 AD - 1970 AD and 1988 AD - 1989 AD

2. 1975 AD-1976 AD and 1998 AD-1999 AD

3. 1985 AD - 1986 AD and 1988 AD - 1989 AD

4. None of Above

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. 1969 AD - 1970 AD and 1988 AD - 1989 AD

Explanation:

• Nepal's two terms on UN Security Council:

  1. First term: 1969-1970

  2. Second term: 1988-1989

• Election process:

  • Elected by UN General Assembly

  • Asia-Pacific Group seat

  • Two-year terms

• Significant contributions:

  • Peacekeeping advocacy

  • Small states' perspectives

  • Conflict resolution in regional contexts

---

106. Who is the first permanent representative of Nepal to participate in UN General Assembly?

1. B.P. Koirala

2. Dr. Tulsi Giri

3. Rishikesh Shah

4. Tanka Prasad Acharya

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Rishikesh Shah

Explanation:

• Rishikesh Shah was Nepal's first Permanent Representative to the UN.

• Appointed: 1956 (soon after Nepal's UN membership in 1955)

• Background:

  • Diplomat and economist

  • Later served as Finance Minister

  • Played key role in Nepal's early foreign policy formulation

• Presented Nepal's first address to UN General Assembly in 1956.

• Established Nepal's Permanent Mission to the UN in New York.

---

107. Who is the present permanent representative of Nepal in UN General Assembly?

1. Kausal Kishwor Ray

2. Lok Bahadur Thapa

3. Gyan Chandra Acharya

4. Jaya Raj Acharya

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Lok Bahadur Thapa

Explanation:

• As of 2023, Lok Bahadur Thapa is Nepal's Permanent Representative to the UN.

• Appointment: 2022

• Background:

  • Career diplomat

  • Previous postings: UK, Myanmar

  • Expertise: Multilateral diplomacy

• Based at: Permanent Mission of Nepal to the UN, New York

• Key responsibilities:

  • Represent Nepal in UN General Assembly

  • Coordinate with UN agencies

  • Advance Nepal's foreign policy objectives

---

108. The first Nepalese prime minister to address UN general Assembly is ______

1. B.P. Koirala

2. Surya Bahadur Thapa

3. Matrika Prasad Koirala

4. Tanka Prasad Acharya

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. B.P. Koirala

Explanation:

• B.P. Koirala was the first Nepali Prime Minister to address the UN General Assembly.

• Date: October 4, 1960

• Context:

  • 15th UN General Assembly session

  • Cold War period

  • Nepal's early years of democracy

• Speech highlighted:

  • Nepal's non-aligned foreign policy

  • Support for decolonization

  • Peaceful coexistence

• B.P. Koirala served as Prime Minister 1959-1960.

---

109. When did Nepal participate in United Nations peace-keeping force as an observer for the first time?

1. 1958 AD

2. 1966 AD

3. 1974 AD

4. 1978 AD

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. 1958 AD

Explanation:

• Nepal first participated in UN peacekeeping as military observers in 1958.

• Mission: UN Observer Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL)

• Context:

  • Lebanon crisis 1958

  • First major UN observation mission in Middle East

  • Nepal contributed 5 military observers

• This began Nepal's long tradition of UN peacekeeping participation.

• Nepal is now consistently among top troop-contributing countries.

---

110. In which country did Nepal work as a peacekeeper for the first time under the United Nations?

1. Tajikistan

2. Haiti

3. Somalia

4. Lebanon

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Lebanon

Explanation:

• Nepal's first UN peacekeeping deployment was in Lebanon (1958).

• Mission: UNOGIL (UN Observer Group in Lebanon)

• Type: Military observers (unarmed)

• Number: 5 Nepali officers

• Current involvement in Lebanon:

  • UNIFIL (UN Interim Force in Lebanon) since 1978

  • Nepal has continuously contributed troops

  • One of largest contributors to UNIFIL

---

111. According to UN Peacekeeping Missions Report -2023, Nepal is the largest troops Contributing Country in UN Peace keeping Operations.

1. 1st

2. 2nd

3. 3rd

4. 4th

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. 1st

Explanation:

• As of 2023, Nepal ranks 1st among troop-contributing countries to UN peacekeeping operations.

• Key statistics (2023):

  • Total Nepali peacekeepers deployed: Over 6,000

  • Missions: 12+ different UN operations

  • Female participation: Increasing numbers

• Historical context:

  • Consistently among top contributors for decades

  • First deployment: 1958 (UNOGIL, Lebanon)

  • Over 150,000 Nepali peacekeepers have served since 1958

• Nepal's peacekeeping reputation:

  • Known for professionalism and discipline

  • Adaptability to challenging environments

  • Contribution to peace and stability worldwide

---

112. Of which organization among the following has Nepal become the member at first?

1. World Bank (WB)

2. Food and Agriculture Organization

3. International Labour Organization

4. UNESCO

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Food and Agriculture Organization

Explanation:

• Nepal first joined the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) among these options.

• Timeline of membership:

  • FAO: November 21, 1951

  • World Bank: September 6, 1961

  • UNESCO: May 1, 1953

  • ILO: 1966 (exact date varies)

• Context:

  • Nepal was opening to international community in early 1950s

  • FAO's focus on agriculture aligned with Nepal's development needs

  • Technical assistance in agricultural development began early

---

113. When was Nepal became the member of World Trade Organization (WTO)?

1. April 23, 2004 A.D.

2. April 24, 2004 A.D.

3. April 22, 2004 A.D.

4. April 25, 2004 A.D.

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. April 23, 2004 A.D.

Explanation:

• Nepal became a WTO member on April 23, 2004.

• Accession process:

  • Application: 1989 (as observer)

  • Working party established: 1993

  • Negotiations: 10+ years

  • Protocol of Accession signed: September 2003

  • Ratified by Nepal Parliament: March 2004

  • Formal membership: April 23, 2004

• Nepal was:

  • First LDC to complete WTO accession through full working party process

  • 147th WTO member

---

114. Nepal first attained the membership of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in ______

1. 1946, December 14

2. 1951, November 21

3. 1966, March 03

4. 1992, April 11

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 1951, November 21

Explanation:

• Nepal joined FAO on November 21, 1951.

• Historical context:

  • Nepal was emerging from isolation (Rana regime ended 1951)

  • King Tribhuvan's reign

  • Early efforts to engage with international community

• FAO's early assistance to Nepal:

  • Agricultural development projects

  • Technical expertise

  • Food security programs

• Nepal has been an active FAO member, hosting regional offices and collaborating on numerous projects.

---

115. When and under which treaty was SAARC officially established?

1. 1985, April, Islamabad Treaty

2. 1984, May, Colombo Accord

3. 1985, December, Dhaka Declaration

4. 1986, January, Kathmandu Convention

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 1985, December, Dhaka Declaration

Explanation:

• SAARC was officially established on December 8, 1985.

• Dhaka Declaration (SAARC Charter signed)

• Key events:

  • First summit: Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Date: December 7-8, 1985

  • Charter signed: December 8, 1985

  • Original members: 7 countries

• SAARC Charter provisions:

  • Principles of cooperation

  • Objectives

  • Institutional structure

  • Areas of cooperation

---

116. Which of the following given dignitaries is/are not the signatories on the Charter of SAARC?

1. King Birendra

2. Rajiv Gandhi

3. Ziaur Rahman

4. Jigme Singye Wanchuk

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Ziaur Rahman

Explanation:

• Ziaur Rahman was NOT a signatory to the SAARC Charter.

• Historical context:

  • Ziaur Rahman (Bangladesh) proposed SAARC concept in 1977

  • But he was assassinated in 1981

  • SAARC Charter signed in 1985

• Signatories to SAARC Charter (December 8, 1985):

  1. King Birendra - Nepal

  2. Rajiv Gandhi - India (Prime Minister)

  3. Jigme Singye Wangchuck - Bhutan (King)

  4. Hussain Muhammad Ershad - Bangladesh (President, not Ziaur Rahman)

  5. M. A. Jinnah - Pakistan (President)

  6. Junius Richard Jayewardene - Sri Lanka (President)

  7. Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Maldives (President)

---

117. Who was first raised the concept of regional, political and economical cooperation in South Asia?

1. King Birendra

2. Ziaur Rahman

3. Rajiv Gandhi

4. None

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Ziaur Rahman

Explanation:

• Ziaur Rahman (President of Bangladesh) first proposed regional cooperation in South Asia.

• Timeline:

  • 1977: Ziaur Rahman wrote to South Asian leaders proposing regional cooperation

  • 1979-1980: Formal proposals circulated

  • 1983: First meeting of foreign ministers (New Delhi)

  • 1985: SAARC established

• Original vision:

  • Economic cooperation

  • Poverty alleviation

  • Cultural exchange

  • Mutual trust building

• Ziaur Rahman is considered the "father of SAARC" though he didn't live to see its establishment.

---

118. Which one of the following is not an objective of the SAARC charter?

1. To promote the welfare of the peoples of South Asia

2. To maintain international peace

3. To accelerate economic growth in South Asia

4. To contribute to mutual trust in South Asia

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. To maintain international peace

Explanation:

• "To maintain international peace" is NOT a SAARC objective.

• SAARC Charter objectives (Article I):

  1. Promote welfare of South Asian peoples

  2. Accelerate economic growth, social progress, cultural development

  3. Promote active collaboration and mutual assistance

  4. Strengthen cooperation with other developing countries

  5. Cooperate with international and regional organizations

• Maintaining international peace is primarily a UN objective.

• SAARC focuses on regional cooperation, not global peacekeeping.

---

119. For which of following, the SAARC movement was launched?

1. Political alliances

2. Regional Co-operation

3. Culture exchanges

4. Military strategy

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Regional Co-operation

Explanation:

• SAARC was launched for Regional Cooperation.

• Core purpose: Promote cooperation among South Asian countries in:

  • Economic development

  • Social progress

  • Cultural development

• Not intended for:

  • Political alliances (non-interference principle)

  • Military strategy (explicitly excluded)

  • Bilateral disputes resolution (cannot discuss bilateral issues)

• SAARC represents soft regionalism focusing on functional cooperation.

---

120. Which of the following given is/are the principles of SAARC?

1. Sovereign equality

2. Territorial integrity

3. Political non - interference

4. All of the above

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. All of the above

Explanation:

• All are SAARC principles (Article II of Charter):

  1. Sovereign equality: All members equal regardless of size/power

  2. Territorial integrity: Respect for each other's borders

  3. Political non-interference: No interference in internal affairs

• Additional principles:

  • Mutual benefit

  • Bilateral issues not discussed

  • Cooperation in agreed areas only

• These principles address South Asia's sensitive geopolitical context.

---

121. How many articles are there in Charter of SAARC?

1. 5

2. 7

3. 9

4. 10

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. 10

Explanation:

• The SAARC Charter contains 10 Articles.

• Article structure:

  • I: Objectives

  • II: Principles

  • III: Cooperation

  • IV: Institutional Arrangements

  • V: Financial Arrangements

  • VI: General Provisions

  • VII: Signature

  • VIII: Ratification

  • IX: Entry into Force

  • X: Depository

• The Charter is a relatively concise document focusing on framework rather than detailed provisions.

---

122. How many Apex bodies are there in SAARC?

1. 17

2. 5

3. 6

4. 10

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 6

Explanation:

• SAARC has 6 Apex Bodies.

• List of SAARC Apex Bodies:

  1. SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCI)

  2. SAARCLAW (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation in Law)

  3. South Asian Federation of Accountants (SAFA)

  4. South Asia Association of Regional Cooperation of Architects (SAARA)

  5. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation in Ophthalmology (SAARCO)

  6. South Asian Federation of Neurological Societies (SAFNS)

• These are professional bodies that promote regional cooperation in their respective fields.

---

123. Which is the executive body of SAARC?

1. Secretariat

2. Council of Ministers

3. Standing Committee

4. Technical Committee

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Standing Committee

Explanation:

• The Standing Committee is the executive body of SAARC.

• SAARC institutional structure:

  1. Summit (Heads of State/Government) - Supreme authority

  2. Council of Ministers (Foreign Ministers) - Policy-making

  3. Standing Committee (Foreign Secretaries) - Executive body

  4. Technical Committees - Implement specific areas

  5. Secretariat - Administrative support

• Standing Committee functions:

  • Monitor and coordinate programs

  • Mobilize resources

  • Identify new areas of cooperation

  • Meet twice yearly

---

124. In which Article of the SAARC Charter, the principles of the SAARC is mentioned?

1. Article 1

2. Article 2

3. Article 3

4. Article 4

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Article 2

Explanation:

• SAARC Principles are in Article II of the Charter.

• Full title: "PRINCIPLES"

• Key principles listed in Article II:

  1. Cooperation based on sovereign equality, territorial integrity, political independence, non-interference in internal affairs

  2. Cooperation not a substitute for bilateral cooperation

  3. Cooperation to complement bilateral and multilateral cooperation

  4. Decisions at all levels taken unanimously

  5. Bilateral and contentious issues excluded from deliberations

---

125. Which country is not the founder member of the SAARC?

1. Bhutan

2. Sri Lanka

3. Afghanistan

4. Maldives

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Afghanistan

Explanation:

• Afghanistan was NOT a founding member of SAARC.

• Founding members (7 countries) - December 1985:

  1. Bangladesh

  2. Bhutan

  3. India

  4. Maldives

  5. Nepal

  6. Pakistan

  7. Sri Lanka

• Afghanistan joined later:

  • Observer status: 2005

  • Full membership: 14th SAARC Summit (2007)

  • 8th member of SAARC

• Afghanistan's membership has been suspended since Taliban takeover (2021).

---

126. Who are the members of Council of Ministers of SAARC?

1. ministers of foreign affairs of the members state

2. ministers of prime ministers of the members state

3. ministers of defence ministers of the members state

4. ministers of home ministers of the members state

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. ministers of foreign affairs of the members state

Explanation:

• SAARC Council of Ministers consists of Foreign Ministers of member states.

• Functions (Article IV of Charter):

  • Formulate policies

  • Review progress

  • Decide on new areas of cooperation

  • Decide on additional mechanisms

• Meeting frequency: At least twice a year

• Chairmanship: Rotates according to alphabetical order of country names

• Council of Ministers reports to the Summit (Heads of State/Government).

---

127. Who is the Nepali artist to design the SARRC emblem?

1. Shailendra Kumar Mahrajan

2. Sakri Ali

3. Surya Badadur K.C.

4. Kiran Maharajan

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Shailendra Kumar Mahrajan

Explanation:

• The SAARC emblem was designed by Nepali artist Shailendra Kumar Maharjan.

• Design elements:

  • Two hands joining together (symbolizing cooperation)

  • Seven doves (original 7 members, now should be 8)

  • Map of South Asia

  • SAARC name in English

• The emblem represents:

  • Unity and cooperation

  • Peace (doves)

  • Regional identity

• Adopted at the first SAARC Summit (1985) in Dhaka.

---

128. When was the 18th Summit of SAARC in Kathmandu held?

1. October, 25-26, 2014

2. September 21-22, 2016

3. November 26-27, 2014

4. June 8-12, 2014

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. November 26-27, 2014

Explanation:

• The 18th SAARC Summit was held in Kathmandu on November 26-27, 2014.

• Venue: Hotel Soaltee Crowne Plaza

• Theme: "Deeper Integration for Peace and Prosperity"

• Key outcomes:

  • Kathmandu Declaration

  • Agreement on SAARC Motor Vehicles Agreement

  • Agreement on SAARC Railway Agreement

  • Energy cooperation framework

• This was Nepal's third time hosting SAARC Summit.

---

129. During the 18th SAARC Summit, which theme has been agreed by all eight member counties by engaging in formal agreement?

1. Environment Conservation

2. Protection of migrant workers

3. Energy Co-operation

4. Trade facilitation

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Energy Co-operation

Explanation:

• The 18th SAARC Summit (2014) focused significantly on Energy Cooperation.

• SAARC Framework Agreement for Energy Cooperation (Electricity)

  • Signed: November 27, 2014

  • Objective: Facilitate cross-border electricity trade

  • Promote regional energy security

• Other key agreements:

  • SAARC Motor Vehicles Agreement

  • SAARC Railway Agreement

• Energy cooperation was seen as a "low-hanging fruit" for regional integration.

---

130. When did SAARC Convention on preventing and combating Trafficking in women and children for prostitution signed in Kathmandu on?

1. 11th Summit

2. 9th Summit

3. 12th Summit

4. 15th Summit

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. 11th Summit

Explanation:

• The SAARC Convention on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution was signed at the 11th SAARC Summit.

• 11th SAARC Summit: Kathmandu, Nepal (January 4-6, 2002)

• The Convention addresses:

  • Prevention of trafficking

  • Protection of victims

  • Prosecution of traffickers

  • Regional cooperation

• Nepal has been particularly affected by cross-border trafficking, making this convention especially relevant.

---

131. When was SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Agreement) signed during 12th Summit in Islamabad on?

1. January 06, 2004

2. May 01, 2006

3. April 19, 2003

4. March 25, 2005

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. January 06, 2004

Explanation:

• SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Agreement) was signed on January 6, 2004.

• Location: 12th SAARC Summit, Islamabad, Pakistan

• Key provisions:

  • Reduce tariffs to 0-5% by 2016

  • Special concessions for Least Developed Countries (LDCs)

  • Sensitive lists for protected items

  • Trade facilitation measures

• Implementation:

  • Came into force: January 1, 2006

  • Revised in 2011 to accelerate tariff reduction

• Current status: Operational but underutilized due to political tensions and non-tariff barriers.

---

132. When was SAARC framework agreement for energy Co-operation signed on?

1. January 06, 2004

2. November 27, 2014

3. April 19, 2016

4. January 01, 2006

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. November 27, 2014

Explanation:

• The SAARC Framework Agreement for Energy Cooperation (Electricity) was signed on November 27, 2014.

• Location: 18th SAARC Summit, Kathmandu, Nepal

• Purpose: Facilitate cross-border electricity trade and grid connectivity

• Key features:

  • Framework for bilateral/multilateral electricity trade

  • Technical standards harmonization

  • Dispute settlement mechanism

• Significance: First major step toward regional energy market in South Asia

• Progress: Limited implementation due to geopolitical tensions.

---

133. Afghanistan participated as the 8th member of SAARC in?

1. 15th Summit

2. 18th Summit

3. 14th Summit

4. 16th Summit

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 14th Summit

Explanation:

• Afghanistan became the 8th SAARC member at the 14th Summit.

• 14th SAARC Summit: New Delhi, India (April 3-4, 2007)

• Accession process:

  • Applied for membership: 2005

  • Granted observer status: 2005

  • Admitted as full member: 2007

• Current status (as of 2023):

  • Membership suspended since Taliban takeover (2021)

  • Not participating in SAARC activities

  • Future participation uncertain pending political developments.

---

134. Which SAARC summit envisioned the established of South Asian economic Union (SAEU)?

1. 15th

2. 16th

3. 12th

4. 18th

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. 18th

Explanation:

• The 18th SAARC Summit (Kathmandu, 2014) envisioned establishing a South Asian Economic Union (SAEU).

• Timeline for regional integration:

  1. SAFTA (Free Trade Area) - achieved 2006

  2. South Asian Customs Union - proposed

  3. South Asian Economic Union - long-term vision

• Kathmandu Declaration (2014) stated:

  • "Direct the Council of Ministers to further strengthen and add substance to SAARC processes and programs with a view to achieving South Asian Economic Union in a phased and planned manner"

• Progress: Stalled due to political tensions, particularly between India and Pakistan.

---

135. When was South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) come in force?

1. 2004 AD

2. 2005 AD

3. 2006 AD

4. 2007 AD

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 2006 AD

Explanation:

• SAFTA came into force on January 1, 2006.

• Timeline:

  • Signed: January 6, 2004 (12th Summit, Islamabad)

  • Ratifications completed: 2005

  • Implemented: January 1, 2006

• Implementation phases:

  • Non-LDCs (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka): Reduce tariffs to 0-5% by 2012

  • LDCs (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Afghanistan): Reduce tariffs to 0-5% by 2016

• Current challenges:

  • High sensitive lists

  • Non-tariff barriers

  • Political tensions affecting trade

  • Limited utilization of preferential tariffs.

---

136. Where was the first summit of SAARC held in?

1. Bangalore, India

2. Kathmandu, Nepal

3. Dhaka, Bangladesh

4. Colombo, Sri Lanka

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Dhaka, Bangladesh

Explanation:

• The first SAARC Summit was held in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

• Dates: December 7-8, 1985

• Host: President Hussain Muhammad Ershad of Bangladesh

• Key outcomes:

  • SAARC Charter signed (December 8, 1985)

  • Dhaka Declaration adopted

  • Establishment of SAARC Secretariat in Kathmandu

  • Integrated Programme of Action (IPA) launched

• Founding members: 7 countries (Afghanistan joined later).

---

137. SAARC is observing a decade (1991-2000) of which of the following?

1. Girl child

2. Literacy

3. Health services to rural poor

4. Shelter for all

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Girl child

Explanation:

• SAARC observed 1991-2000 as the "Decade of the Girl Child".

• Objectives:

  • Address gender discrimination

  • Improve health, nutrition, education for girls

  • Eliminate harmful practices (child marriage, etc.)

  • Promote girl's rights and empowerment

• Follow-up initiatives:

  • SAARC Convention on Regional Arrangements for the Promotion of Child Welfare (2002)

  • SAARC Development Goals including gender equality

  • Various national programs in member countries

• Impact: Raised awareness but implementation varied across countries.

---

138. SAARC is observing a decade (2010-2020) of which of the following?

1. Girl child

2. Literacy

3. Intra Regional Connectivity

4. Shelter for all

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Intra Regional Connectivity

Explanation:

• SAARC declared 2010-2020 as the "Decade of Intra-Regional Connectivity".

• 16th SAARC Summit (Thimphu, Bhutan, 2010): "Towards a Green and Happy South Asia"

• Focus areas:

  • Physical connectivity (transport, energy, telecommunications)

  • Economic connectivity (trade, investment, finance)

  • People-to-people connectivity (culture, tourism, education)

• Key agreements:

  • SAARC Regional Railways Agreement (signed 2014)

  • SAARC Motor Vehicles Agreement (signed 2014)

  • SAARC Energy Cooperation Framework (2014)

• Progress: Limited due to political constraints.

---

139. What was the theme of the SAARC year 2016-17 A.D.?

1. Year for Girls

2. Year for Environment

3. Year of Good Governance

4. Year of Cultural Heritage

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Year of Cultural Heritage

Explanation:

• SAARC declared 2016-2017 as the "Year of Cultural Heritage".

• Announced at: 18th SAARC Summit (Kathmandu, 2014)

• Objectives:

  • Preserve and promote South Asia's rich cultural heritage

  • Enhance cultural exchanges

  • Promote cultural tourism

  • Document intangible cultural heritage

• Activities:

  • Cultural festivals

  • Heritage conservation projects

  • Academic exchanges

  • Documentation initiatives

• Significance: Recognized cultural diversity as strength and bonding factor.

---

140. Currently, How many SAARC regional centers are in existence?

1. 11

2. 6

3. 5

4. 4

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 5

Explanation:

• Currently, SAARC has 5 Regional Centers (reduced from original 11).

• Current SAARC Regional Centers:

  1. SAARC Agriculture Centre (SAC) - Dhaka, Bangladesh

  2. SAARC Meteorological Research Centre (SMRC) - Dhaka, Bangladesh

  3. SAARC Tuberculosis Centre (STC) - Kathmandu, Nepal

  4. SAARC Documentation Centre (SDC) - New Delhi, India

  5. SAARC Human Resources Development Centre (SHRDC) - Islamabad, Pakistan

• Decision to reduce: Taken at 18th SAARC Summit (2014) to improve efficiency and reduce costs.

• Closed centers: Energy, Environment, Disaster Management, etc. (functions integrated into Secretariat).

---

141. Which SAARC Summit decided to reduce regional centre to from 11 to 5?

1. 15th

2. 16th

3. 17th

4. 18th

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. 18th

Explanation:

• The 18th SAARC Summit (Kathmandu, 2014) decided to reduce regional centers from 11 to 5.

• Reason: Improve efficiency, reduce duplication, cut costs

• Process:

  • Review conducted by Secretary General

  • Recommendations presented to Summit

  • Decision to retain 5 centers with clear mandates

  • Others either closed or functions absorbed by Secretariat

• Retained centers (as mentioned in Q140):

  • Agriculture, Meteorology, Tuberculosis, Documentation, Human Resources

• Implementation: Completed by 2016-2017.

---

142. Where is the head quarter of SAARC Chamber of commerce and industry located?

1. Pakistan

2. Nepal

3. Maldives

4. Bangladesh

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Pakistan

Explanation:

• The SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCI) is headquartered in Islamabad, Pakistan.

• Established: 1992

• Status: SAARC Apex Body (recognized professional body)

• Functions:

  • Promote regional trade and investment

  • Organize business forums and exhibitions

  • Advocate for business-friendly policies

  • Facilitate B2B connections

• Structure:

  • Federation of National Chambers

  • President rotates among member countries

  • Secretariat in Islamabad

• Activities: Regular business summits, trade fairs, policy dialogues.

---

143. Where is SAARC cultural centre located?

1. Nepal

2. India

3. Sri Lanka

4. Pakistan

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Sri Lanka

Explanation:

• The SAARC Cultural Centre is located in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

• Established: 2009 (14th SAARC Summit decision)

• Inaugurated: 2011

• Mandate:

  • Preserve and promote South Asian cultural heritage

  • Organize cultural exchanges and festivals

  • Research and documentation

  • Capacity building in cultural sectors

• Activities:

  • SAARC Festival of Literature

  • Cultural workshops and training

  • Heritage conservation projects

  • Publications on South Asian culture

• Funding: SAARC Secretariat budget and member contributions.

---

144. Comparing the following Regional Centers established in the SAARC nations; choose the correct answer from the code.

a. Nepal 1. Agricultural Centre (SAC) b. Bangladesh 2. Environment & Natural Disaster (END) c. India 3. Energy Centre (SEC) d. Pakistan 4. Tuberculosis Centre (STC)

1. a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2

2. a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3

3. a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1

4. a-3, b-2, c-1, d-4

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3

Explanation:

• Correct matching:

  • a. Nepal → 4. Tuberculosis Centre (STC) - Kathmandu, Nepal

  • b. Bangladesh → 1. Agricultural Centre (SAC) - Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • c. India → 2. Environment & Natural Disaster (END) - Note: This center was closed in 2014 restructuring

  • d. Pakistan → 3. Energy Centre (SEC) - Note: This center was closed in 2014 restructuring

• Current status (post-2014 restructuring):

  • Only 5 centers remain operational

  • Energy and Environment centers were closed

  • Their functions integrated into SAARC Secretariat

• Operational centers: Agriculture (Dhaka), Meteorology (Dhaka), Tuberculosis (Kathmandu), Documentation (Delhi), Human Resources (Islamabad).

---

145. Which of the following is/are not the observer of South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC)?

1. Japan

2. U.S.A.

3. South Korea

4. UK

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. UK

Explanation:

• The United Kingdom is NOT a SAARC observer.

• Current SAARC Observers (9 as of 2023):

  1. Australia

  2. China

  3. European Union

  4. Iran

  5. Japan

  6. Mauritius

  7. Myanmar

  8. South Korea

  9. United States

• Observers status:

  • Granted by SAARC Council of Ministers

  • Can attend Summit openings and some meetings

  • Cannot participate in decision-making

  • Expected to contribute to SAARC activities

• UK's relationship: Historical ties but not an observer; engages bilaterally with SAARC countries.

---

146. How many Country/Organization that granted for the observer status of South Asia Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC)?

1. 11

2. 8

3. 9

4. 7

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 9

Explanation:

• SAARC has 9 observers as of 2023.

• List of SAARC Observers:

  1. Australia (observer since 2008)

  2. China (2005)

  3. European Union (2006)

  4. Iran (2007)

  5. Japan (2005)

  6. Mauritius (2007)

  7. Myanmar (2008)

  8. South Korea (2006)

  9. United States (2006)

• Observer criteria:

  • Support SAARC objectives

  • Contribute to regional cooperation

  • Decision by SAARC Council of Ministers

• Role: Limited participation, mainly symbolic and diplomatic.

---

147. Who was the first Secretary General of SAARC?

1. Abbul Ahsan

2. Arjun Bahadur Thapa

3. Nihal Robrigo

4. Kanta Kishor Bharghav

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Abbul Ahsan

Explanation:

• Abbul Ahsan (Bangladesh) was the first Secretary General of SAARC.

• Term: January 16, 1987 - December 31, 1989

• Background:

  • Career diplomat from Bangladesh

  • Previously Bangladesh's Ambassador to several countries

  • Played key role in establishing SAARC Secretariat

• SAARC Secretary General:

  • Appointed by Council of Ministers

  • Three-year term

  • Rotates among member countries in alphabetical order

  • Based at SAARC Secretariat, Kathmandu, Nepal.

---

148. Who is Current Secretary General of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)?

1. Arjun Bahadur Thapa

2. Golam Sarwar

3. Esala Weerakoon

4. none of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Golam Sarwar

Explanation:

• As of 2023, Golam Sarwar (Bangladesh) is the current SAARC Secretary General.

• Appointment: March 1, 2020

• Term: 2020-2023 (extended due to COVID-19 and political circumstances)

• Background:

  • Career diplomat from Bangladesh

  • Previously served as Bangladesh's Ambassador to Saudi Arabia

  • Extensive experience in multilateral diplomacy

• Current context:

  • SAARC activities largely stalled since 2016

  • Last Summit held in 2014

  • Secretary General's role limited by political tensions among members

  • Focus on maintaining institutional continuity

---

149. Considering the area of the SAARC nations, which of the following is the right order of those Nations, from the smallest to the largest? (PSC: 2080)

1. Maldives, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, India

2. Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India

3. Maldives, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, India

4. Maldives, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Maldives, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India

Explanation:

• Correct order by area (smallest to largest):

  1. Maldives - 298 km² (smallest)

  2. Bhutan - 38,394 km²

  3. Sri Lanka - 65,610 km²

  4. Nepal - 147,181 km²

  5. Bangladesh - 147,570 km²

  6. Afghanistan - 652,864 km²

  7. Pakistan - 796,095 km²

  8. India - 3,287,263 km² (largest)

• Note: Bangladesh and Nepal are very close in size, but Bangladesh is slightly larger.

• This geographical diversity presents both challenges and opportunities for regional cooperation.

---

150. Which of the following SAARC country with highest average population growth rate?

1. Bhutan

2. Sri Lanka

3. Maldives

4. Nepal

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Maldives

Explanation:

• Maldives has the highest population growth rate among SAARC countries.

• Current statistics (approximate 2023 data):

  • Maldives: 1.8-2.0% annual growth

  • Bhutan: 1.0-1.2%

  • Nepal: 0.9-1.1%

  • Sri Lanka: 0.4-0.6%

• Factors for Maldives' high growth:

  • High fertility rates in some regions

  • Increasing life expectancy

  • Economic development attracting migration

  • Tourism sector creating employment opportunities

• Regional comparison: Most SAARC countries are experiencing slowing growth rates due to demographic transition.

---

151. Which of the following SAARC country with highest population density?

1. Bhutan

2. Sri Lanka

3. Maldives

4. Nepal

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Maldives

Explanation:

• Maldives has the highest population density in SAARC.

• Population density statistics (2023 estimates):

  • Maldives: ~1,800 persons/km²

  • Bangladesh: ~1,265 persons/km²

  • Sri Lanka: ~350 persons/km²

  • India: ~464 persons/km²

  • Pakistan: ~287 persons/km²

  • Nepal: ~203 persons/km²

  • Bhutan: ~20 persons/km²

  • Afghanistan: ~60 persons/km²

• Maldives' context:

  • Very small land area (298 km²)

  • Population concentrated on few inhabited islands

  • Male (capital) extremely densely populated

• Challenges: Limited land, environmental pressures, urban congestion.

---

152. Which of the following SAARC country with highest population literacy rate?

1. Bhutan

2. Sri Lanka

3. Maldives

4. Nepal

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Maldives

Explanation:

• Maldives has the highest literacy rate in SAARC.

• Literacy rates (latest available data):

  • Maldives: 98.6% (2022)

  • Sri Lanka: 92.4% (2021)

  • Bhutan: 71.4% (2021)

  • India: 77.7% (2021)

  • Bangladesh: 74.7% (2021)

  • Nepal: 67.9% (2021)

  • Pakistan: 59.1% (2021)

  • Afghanistan: 43% (2021, pre-Taliban)

• Maldives' success factors:

  • Strong government commitment to education

  • Small, manageable population

  • High per capita income enabling education investment

  • Geographic concentration facilitating service delivery

• SAARC goal: Achieve 100% literacy in all member states.

---

153. Which SAARC country has accepted the policy of dual Citizenship?

1. Bangladesh

2. Nepal

3. India

4. Bhutan

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Bangladesh

Explanation:

• Bangladesh allows dual citizenship among SAARC countries.

• SAARC countries' citizenship policies:

  • Bangladesh: Allows dual citizenship with certain countries

  • India: Does NOT allow dual citizenship (allows OCI - Overseas Citizen of India)

  • Pakistan: Allows in some cases (with certain countries)

  • Sri Lanka: Allows but with restrictions

  • Nepal: Does NOT allow dual citizenship (must renounce when acquiring foreign citizenship)

  • Bhutan: Does NOT allow dual citizenship

  • Maldives: Does NOT allow dual citizenship

  • Afghanistan: Allows in some cases

• Bangladesh's policy:

  • Dual citizenship with specific countries (UK, USA, Canada, Australia, etc.)

  • Must apply for permission

  • Certain rights may be restricted for dual citizens

---

154. What is the currency of the 'Republic of Maldives'?

1. Riyal

2. Rupee

3. Ringgit

4. Rufiyaa

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Rufiyaa

Explanation:

• The currency of Maldives is Rufiyaa.

• Details:

  • ISO code: MVR

  • Symbol: Rf or .ރ

  • Subunit: Laari (1 Rufiyaa = 100 Laari)

  • Issued by: Maldives Monetary Authority

• Historical context:

  • Previously used Sri Lankan Rupee and Indian Rupee

  • Maldivian Rufiyaa introduced in 1947

  • Pegged to US Dollar at approximately 15.42 Rufiyaa = 1 USD

• Banknotes: Denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 Rufiyaa

• Coins: 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 Laari; 1, 2 Rufiyaa

---

155. Which is the first SAARC country to provide e-passport to its citizens?

1. Bangladesh

2. Maldives

3. Bhutan

4. Sri Lanka

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Maldives

Explanation:

• Maldives was the first SAARC country to introduce e-passports.

• Timeline:

  • Maldives: 2006 (first in SAARC)

  • India: 2008

  • Bangladesh: 2010

  • Pakistan: 2012

  • Sri Lanka: 2015

  • Nepal: 2021

  • Bhutan: 2022

  • Afghanistan: Not yet introduced

• E-passport features:

  • Biometric data storage

  • RFID chip

  • Enhanced security features

  • Machine-readable

  • ICAO compliance for international travel

• Benefits: Improved security, faster immigration processing, reduced fraud.

---

156. From which country, the concept of the rural Development bank was emerged?

1. Nepal

2. Maldives

3. India

4. Bangladesh

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Bangladesh

Explanation:

• The concept of rural development banks emerged from Bangladesh.

• Historical context:

  • Grameen Bank founded in Bangladesh (1983)

  • Founded by Muhammad Yunus (Nobel Peace Prize 2006)

  • Pioneered microcredit and rural banking concepts

• Grameen Bank model:

  • Group lending to rural poor (especially women)

  • No collateral required

  • High repayment rates

  • Social development alongside economic

• Influence worldwide:

  • Model replicated in 40+ countries

  • Inspired similar institutions in Nepal, India, Pakistan, etc.

  • Revolutionized development finance thinking

• Nepal's adaptation: Established rural development banks and microfinance institutions based on similar principles.

---

157. How many land-locked countries are there in South Asian Association for Regional Co-Operation (SAARC)?

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 3

Explanation:

• SAARC has 3 landlocked countries:

  1. Afghanistan

  2. Bhutan

  3. Nepal

• Challenges faced by landlocked SAARC countries:

  • Dependence on transit through neighboring countries

  • Higher transport costs

  • Trade facilitation issues

  • Limited access to seaports

• SAARC initiatives for landlocked countries:

  • Transit agreements (limited implementation)

  • Transport connectivity projects

  • Trade facilitation measures

  • Special considerations in SAFTA

• Nepal's situation: Dependent on India for transit, seeking improved access to Bangladeshi ports.

---

158. How many water-locked countries are there in South Asian Association for Regional Co-Operation (SAARC)?

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 2

Explanation:

• SAARC has 2 water-locked (island) countries:

  1. Maldives (archipelago of 1,192 islands)

  2. Sri Lanka (island nation)

• Characteristics:

  • Maldives: Coral islands, lowest elevation country, tourism-dependent

  • Sri Lanka: Larger island, diverse geography, strategic location in Indian Ocean

• Shared challenges:

  • Climate change and sea-level rise

  • Marine resource management

  • Connectivity issues

  • Disaster vulnerability (tsunamis, storms)

• Opportunities:

  • Blue economy development

  • Marine tourism

  • Fisheries cooperation

  • Renewable energy from ocean resources

---

159. What is the Currency of Bhutan called?

1. Ngultrum

2. Taka

3. Rupaye

4. Rufiyaa

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Ngultrum

Explanation:

• The currency of Bhutan is Ngultrum.

• Details:

  • ISO code: BTN

  • Symbol: Nu.

  • Subunit: Chetrum (1 Ngultrum = 100 Chetrum)

  • Pegged: 1:1 with Indian Rupee

• Historical context:

  • Indian Rupee was previously used

  • Ngultrum introduced in 1974

  • Peg maintained due to close economic ties with India

• Current status:

  • Indian Rupee also circulates freely in Bhutan

  • Bhutanese Ngultrum not accepted in India

  • Managed by Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan

• Banknotes: Denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 Ngultrum

---

160. How many times that the SAARC summits held in Nepal?

1. 3rd, 11th, 18th

2. 1st, 9th, 18th

3. 2nd, 8th, 15th

4. 4th, 11th, 18th

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. 3rd, 11th, 18th

Explanation:

• SAARC Summits held in Nepal:

  1. 3rd SAARC Summit - Kathmandu (1987)

  2. 11th SAARC Summit - Kathmandu (2002)

  3. 18th SAARC Summit - Kathmandu (2014)

• Details of each:

  • 3rd Summit (1987): Focus on poverty alleviation, established Regional Centers

  • 11th Summit (2002): Post-9/11 context, focused on terrorism, signed Convention on Trafficking

  • 18th Summit (2014): Focus on connectivity, signed energy and transport agreements

• SAARC Secretariat is also located in Kathmandu, Nepal (established 1987).

• Nepal plays important role as host country for SAARC institutions.

---

161. What percentage of total expenditure of SAARC secretariat is bear by Nepal?

1. 30.2%

2. 22.52%

3. 10.72%

4. 5%

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 10.72%

Explanation:

• Nepal bears 10.72% of SAARC Secretariat's total expenditure.

• SAARC budget contribution formula:

  • Based on GDP and population (roughly equal weighting)

  • India: 32.63% (largest contributor)

  • Pakistan: 17.52%

  • Bangladesh: 12.67%

  • Nepal: 10.72%

  • Sri Lanka: 8.52%

  • Afghanistan: 7.07%

  • Bhutan: 4.45%

  • Maldives: 2.42%

• SAARC Secretariat budget (2023): Approximately $2.5 million annually

• Nepal's contribution: Around $268,000 annually

• Additional costs: Nepal also provides facilities and support as host country beyond financial contribution.

---

162. Among the following South Asian Counties, Nepal first established diplomatic relation with:

1. Bhutan

2. Bangladesh

3. Maldives

4. Afghanistan

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Afghanistan

Explanation:

• Among these options, Nepal first established diplomatic relations with Afghanistan.

• Timeline of Nepal's diplomatic relations with SAARC countries:

  • India: 1950 (first among all SAARC)

  • Afghanistan: 1961

  • Pakistan: 1960

  • Sri Lanka: 1957

  • Bangladesh: 1971 (after independence)

  • Maldives: 1980

  • Bhutan: 1983 (last among SAARC)

• Nepal-Afghanistan relations:

  • Established: 1961

  • Based on non-alignment and South-South cooperation

  • Cultural exchanges (Buddhist heritage)

  • Development cooperation

  • Afghan students in Nepali universities

---

163. When was BIMSTEC established?

1. 1998 AD

2. 1997 AD

3. 1951 AD

4. 1956 AD

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 1997 AD

Explanation:

• BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) was established in 1997.

• Key dates:

  • Founded: June 6, 1997

  • First Summit: 2004 (Thailand)

  • Charter adopted: 2004

  • Secretariat established: 2014 (Dhaka)

• Original name: BIST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation)

• Expanded: Myanmar joined 1997, Nepal and Bhutan 2004

• Current members: 7 countries - Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal, Bhutan

• Focus: Bridge between South Asia and Southeast Asia.

---

164. Which country is not the founder member of the BIMSTEC?

1. Thailand

2. Sri Lanka

3. Nepal

4. India

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Nepal

Explanation:

• Nepal was NOT a founding member of BIMSTEC.

• Founding members (1997):

  1. Bangladesh

  2. India

  3. Sri Lanka

  4. Thailand

• Later joiners:

  • Myanmar: 1997 (joined soon after founding)

  • Nepal: 2004

  • Bhutan: 2004

• Current membership: 7 countries

• Nepal's accession: February 2004, seeking alternative regional platform beyond SAARC.

---

165. BIMSTEC permanent Headquarter at Dhaka was established on -

1. June 13, 2014

2. September 13, 2014

3. June 06, 1997

4. December 22, 1997

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. September 13, 2014

Explanation:

• The BIMSTEC Permanent Secretariat in Dhaka was established on September 13, 2014.

• Location: Dhaka, Bangladesh

• Background:

  • Decision at 3rd BIMSTEC Summit (2014)

  • Officially inaugurated: September 13, 2014

  • First Secretary General: Sumith Nakandala (Sri Lanka)

• Secretariat functions:

  • Coordinate BIMSTEC activities

  • Implement Summit decisions

  • Facilitate sectoral cooperation

  • Maintain institutional memory

• Significance: Gave BIMSTEC permanent institutional structure after 17 years of existence.

---

166. Where is BIMSTEC permanent secretariat located?

1. Delhi

2. Dhaka

3. Djibouti

4. Da Nang

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Dhaka

Explanation:

• The BIMSTEC Permanent Secretariat is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

• Address: House No. 4, Road No. 7, Block H, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh

• Establishment: Inaugurated on September 13, 2014

• First Secretary General: Sumith Nakandala (Sri Lanka)

• Functions:

  • Coordinate and monitor implementation of BIMSTEC activities

  • Organize meetings and events

  • Serve as documentation center

  • Facilitate communication among member states

• Significance: The establishment of a permanent secretariat marked BIMSTEC's evolution from an informal grouping to a more structured organization.

---

167. Where was the 4th BIMSTEC summit held in 2018 A.D.?

1. Myanmar

2. Sri Lanka

3. Bhutan

4. Nepal

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Nepal

Explanation:

• The 4th BIMSTEC Summit was held in Kathmandu, Nepal in 2018.

• Dates: August 30-31, 2018

• Venue: Hotel Soaltee Crowne Plaza, Kathmandu

• Key outcomes:

  • Kathmandu Declaration adopted

  • BIMSTEC Charter finalized (signed later in 2022)

  • Agreement to establish BIMSTEC Grid Interconnection

  • Focus on poverty alleviation and connectivity

• Significance: First BIMSTEC Summit held in Nepal, occurring during period of SAARC stagnation.

---

168. Who is Current 4th Secretary General of BIMSTEC?

1. Arjun Bahadur Thapa

2. Indra Mani Pandey

3. Mr. Abdul Motaleb Sarkert

4. Tenzin Lekphell

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Indra Mani Pandey

Explanation:

• The current (4th) Secretary General of BIMSTEC is Indra Mani Pandey (India).

• Term: January 2021 - present

• Background:

  • Career diplomat from India

  • Previously served as India's Ambassador to Vietnam

  • Expertise in multilateral diplomacy and regional cooperation

• Previous Secretaries General:

  1. Sumith Nakandala (Sri Lanka) - 2014-2017

  2. M. Shahidul Islam (Bangladesh) - 2017-2020

  3. Tenzin Lekphell (Bhutan) - 2020-2021 (acting)

• The position rotates among member countries in alphabetical order.

---

169. Which of the following statement is/are correct?

1. Nepal was granted the observer status of BIMSTEC in 1998

2. In 2018, it was expanded to embrace two more sectors including blue economy and mountain economy

3. Now, it has 7 areas of cooperation

4. all of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. all of above

Explanation:

• All statements are correct:

  1. Nepal was granted observer status in 1998 and became full member in 2004.

  2. In 2018, BIMSTEC expanded to include blue economy and mountain economy as new sectors.

  3. Currently, BIMSTEC has 7 priority sectors (originally 6, expanded to 7):

     • Trade & Investment

     • Transport & Communication

     • Energy

     • Tourism

     • Technology

     • Fisheries & Agriculture

     • Counter-Terrorism & Transnational Crime

  4. Plus the two new focus areas: Blue Economy and Mountain Economy.

• Total: 7 priority sectors + 2 focus areas = 9 areas of cooperation.

---

170. Which of the following is not the member state of BIMSTEC?

1. Myanmar

2. Bangladesh

3. Malaysia

4. Thailand

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Malaysia

Explanation:

• Malaysia is NOT a member of BIMSTEC.

• BIMSTEC member states (7 countries):

  1. Bangladesh (founding member)

  2. Bhutan (joined 2004)

  3. India (founding member)

  4. Myanmar (joined 1997, soon after founding)

  5. Nepal (joined 2004)

  6. Sri Lanka (founding member)

  7. Thailand (founding member)

• Geographic scope: Bay of Bengal region, connecting South Asia and Southeast Asia.

• Malaysia's relationship: Not a member but could potentially join as it borders Bay of Bengal region.

---

171. When did Nepal formally get membership of BIMSTEC?

1. 2004, June

2. 2004, February

3. 2006, May

4. 2003, March

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 2004, February

Explanation:

• Nepal formally joined BIMSTEC in February 2004.

• Process:

  • Observer status: 1998

  • Full membership: February 2004

  • Accession: During 1st BIMSTEC Summit (Thailand)

• Nepal's motivations for joining:

  • Alternative regional platform beyond SAARC

  • Access to Southeast Asian markets

  • Connectivity opportunities

  • Diversification of foreign relations

• Benefits for Nepal:

  • Potential transit routes through Myanmar to Southeast Asia

  • Energy cooperation opportunities

  • Tourism development

  • Technical cooperation in various sectors

---

172. Which country is the chair of BIMSTEC?

1. India

2. Sri Lanka

3. Bhutan

4. Myanmar

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Sri Lanka

Explanation:

• As of 2023, Sri Lanka is the chair of BIMSTEC.

• Chairmanship rotation:

  • Rotates alphabetically by country name

  • Previous chairs:

    • Thailand (1997-2004)

    • Bangladesh (2004-2014)

    • Myanmar (2014-2018)

    • Nepal (2018-2022)

  • Current chair: Sri Lanka (2022-present)

• Chair's responsibilities:

  • Host Summits and Ministerial meetings

  • Provide leadership direction

  • Coordinate implementation

  • Represent BIMSTEC externally

• Next chair: Thailand (will assume after Sri Lanka's term).

---

173. What is the regional initiative comprising 7 member states of both SAARC and ASEAN called?

1. BIMSTEC

2. APEC

3. SAFTA

4. ADB

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. BIMSTEC

Explanation:

• BIMSTEC is the regional initiative comprising members from both SAARC and ASEAN.

• BIMSTEC membership includes:

  • From SAARC: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka

  • From ASEAN: Myanmar, Thailand

• Unique position: Bridges South Asia and Southeast Asia

• Strategic importance:

  • Connects two dynamic economic regions

  • Facilitates sub-regional cooperation

  • Alternative platform amid SAARC stagnation

  • Focus on Bay of Bengal region development

• Not to be confused with:

  • APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (Pacific Rim)

  • SAFTA: South Asian Free Trade Area (SAARC trade agreement)

  • ADB: Asian Development Bank (financial institution)

---

174. 5th BIMSTEC summit was concluded in Colombo with signing and inception of ______ points.

1. 18

2. 17

3. 21

4. 15

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. 18

Explanation:

• The 5th BIMSTEC Summit (Colombo, 2022) concluded with the signing and adoption of 18 points.

• Official name: Colombo Declaration

• Key elements of the 18-point declaration:

  1. Adoption of BIMSTEC Charter

  2. Master Plan for Transport Connectivity

  3. Convention on Mutual Legal Assistance

  4. Establishment of Eminent Persons Group

  5. Roadmap for BIMSTEC FTA

  6. Cooperation in digital payments

  7. Focus on climate change

  8. etc. (total 18 points)

• Significance: Most substantive outcome document in BIMSTEC history, providing clear roadmap for cooperation.

---

175. How many sectoral area of cooperation are indentified by the fifth BIMSTEC Summit held in Colombo, Sri Lanka?

1. 14

2. 7

3. 16

4. 18

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 7

Explanation:

• The 5th BIMSTEC Summit (2022) identified 7 priority sectors of cooperation.

• The 7 priority sectors:

  1. Trade & Investment

  2. Transport & Communication

  3. Energy

  4. Tourism

  5. Technology

  6. Fisheries & Agriculture

  7. Counter-Terrorism & Transnational Crime

• Plus two additional focus areas:

  1. Blue Economy

  2. Mountain Economy

• Sectoral leadership:

  • Each sector led by a member country

  • Example: Nepal leads "People-to-People Contact" (now under Technology sector)

• The sectors represent areas of comparative advantage and mutual interest.

---

176. Which Prime Minister of Nepal virtually attended the 5th BIMSTEC Summit?

1. Sher Bahadur Deuba

2. K.P. Sharma Oli

3. Puspa Kamal Dahal

4. Sushil Koirala

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Sher Bahadur Deuba

Explanation:

• Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba virtually attended the 5th BIMSTEC Summit.

• Summit details:

  • Date: March 30, 2022

  • Format: Virtual (due to COVID-19)

  • Host: Sri Lanka (President Gotabaya Rajapaksa)

• Nepal's participation:

  • PM Sher Bahadur Deuba joined virtually

  • Nepal emphasized connectivity, climate change, and poverty alleviation

  • Supported adoption of BIMSTEC Charter

• Context: Summit occurred during Deuba's fifth term as Prime Minister (2021-2022).

---

177. What is the theme of 5th Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) Summit?

1. Towards a Peaceful, Prosperous & Sustainable Bay of Bengal Region

2. Prosperous Economies, Healthy Peoples'& Sustainable Bay of Bengal Region

3. Towards a Resilient Region, Prosperous Economies, Healthy Peoples

4. None of Above

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Towards a Resilient Region, Prosperous Economies, Healthy Peoples

Explanation:

• The theme of the 5th BIMSTEC Summit was "Towards a Resilient Region, Prosperous Economies, Healthy Peoples".

• Key focus areas reflected in theme:

  • Resilience: Climate change adaptation, disaster management, pandemic recovery

  • Prosperity: Economic cooperation, trade, investment, connectivity

  • Health: Post-COVID recovery, health security, well-being

• Thematic alignment:

  • Responded to COVID-19 pandemic challenges

  • Addressed climate change vulnerabilities

  • Emphasized inclusive and sustainable development

• Summit outcomes: Colombo Declaration with 18 action points addressing these themes.

---

178. At the conclusion of the 5th BIMSTEC Summit, ______ took over as chair nation of BIMSTEC.

1. Sri Lanka

2. Nepal

3. Bangladesh

4. Bhutan

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Sri Lanka

Explanation:

• At the conclusion of the 5th BIMSTEC Summit (2022), Sri Lanka took over as chair nation.

• Chairmanship transition:

  • Previous chair: Nepal (2018-2022)

  • New chair: Sri Lanka (2022-present)

  • Next in line: Thailand

• Sri Lanka's chairmanship priorities (as announced):

  • Implementation of BIMSTEC Charter

  • Progress on BIMSTEC Free Trade Area

  • Enhanced connectivity projects

  • Focus on post-pandemic recovery

• Chair's term: Typically 3-4 years, until next Summit where chair rotates.

---

179. Which country is supposed to host the sixth BIMSTEC Summit in 2023?

1. India

2. Bangladesh

3. Thailand

4. Nepal

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Thailand

Explanation:

• Thailand is scheduled to host the 6th BIMSTEC Summit.

• Expected timeline: Originally planned for 2023, but may be delayed to 2024

• Chairmanship sequence:

  1. Nepal (4th Summit, 2018)

  2. Sri Lanka (5th Summit, 2022)

  3. Thailand (6th Summit, expected 2024)

• Thailand's potential focus areas:

  • Strengthening BIMSTEC-ASEAN connectivity

  • Digital economy cooperation

  • Sustainable tourism

  • Food security

• Current status: Preparations underway, date to be finalized through diplomatic channels.

---

180. Which sector of BIMSTEC is leading by Nepal?

1. People-to-People Contact

2. Agriculture and Food Security

3. Connectivity

4. Environment & Climate Change

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. People-to-People Contact

Explanation:

• Nepal leads the "People-to-People Contact" sector in BIMSTEC.

• Current BIMSTEC sectoral leadership:

  • Nepal: People-to-People Contact (under Technology sector)

  • Bangladesh: Trade, Investment & Development

  • Bhutan: Environment & Climate Change

  • India: Security, Counter-Terrorism, Disaster Management

  • Myanmar: Agriculture & Food Security

  • Sri Lanka: Science, Technology & Innovation

  • Thailand: Connectivity

• Nepal's focus areas in People-to-People Contact:

  • Cultural exchanges

  • Educational cooperation

  • Tourism promotion

  • Youth exchanges

  • Buddhist circuit development

• This aligns with Nepal's strengths in cultural and religious tourism.

---

181. Match the list I with II and select the correct answers from the given Codes:

List I a. Trade & Investment b. Tourism c. Agriculture d. Security

List II

1. Nepal

2. Myanmar

3. India

4. Bangladesh

1. a4,b1,c2,d3

2. a1,b2,c3,d4

3. a2,b1,c4,d3

4. a3,b4,c2,d1

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. a4,b1,c2,d3

Explanation:

• Correct matching:

  • a. Trade & Investment → 4. Bangladesh (leads Trade, Investment & Development sector)

  • b. Tourism → 1. Nepal (Tourism falls under People-to-People Contact led by Nepal)

  • c. Agriculture → 2. Myanmar (leads Agriculture & Food Security sector)

  • d. Security → 3. India (leads Security, Counter-Terrorism & Transnational Crime sector)

• Current BIMSTEC sector leadership:

  • Bangladesh: Trade, Investment & Development

  • Bhutan: Environment & Climate Change

  • India: Security, Counter-Terrorism & Disaster Management

  • Myanmar: Agriculture & Food Security

  • Nepal: People-to-People Contact (includes tourism)

  • Sri Lanka: Science, Technology & Innovation

  • Thailand: Connectivity

• Each country takes lead based on expertise and interest.

---