1987 A.D.
1980 A.D.
1978 A.D.
1992 A.D.
Answer: 1. 1987 A.D.
Explanation:
The term "Sustainable Development" was first popularized in the 1987 Brundtland Commission Report titled "Our Common Future."
The Brundtland Commission, formally known as the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), published this report in 1987.
The report provided the most widely accepted definition of sustainable development: "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
Brundtland Commission
J. Doberman's Report
E.O. Wilson's Report
Barbara Ward Report
Answer: 1. Brundtland Commission
Explanation:
"Our Common Future" is the title of the report published by the Brundtland Commission in 1987.
The commission was chaired by Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway.
This report is also known as the Brundtland Report and is considered a landmark document in the field of sustainable development.
7th five year plan
9th five year plan
14th five year plan
8th five year plan
Answer: 4. 8th five year plan
Explanation:
Nepal formally introduced sustainable development policy in its Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-1997).
This plan incorporated sustainable development principles following Nepal's participation in the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro.
The Eighth Plan emphasized environmental conservation alongside economic development.
Economic growth
Social inclusion
Environmental protection
All of above
Answer: 4. All of above
Explanation:
Sustainable development has three core interconnected elements:
Economic growth: Creating economic value and prosperity
Social inclusion: Ensuring social equity and justice
Environmental protection: Conserving natural resources and ecosystems
These three pillars are often referred to as the "triple bottom line" of sustainable development.
11
15
17
20
Answer: 3. 17
Explanation:
The United Nations Sustainable Development Summit in September 2015 adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
This agenda includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with 169 associated targets.
The SDGs succeeded the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and cover a broader range of development issues.
Target of poverty reduction
Target for reducing child mortality
Target for promoting gender equality
All of the above
Answer: 4. All of the above
Explanation:
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were eight international development goals established in 2000.
They included:
Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger
Reducing child mortality
Promoting gender equality and empowering women
And five other goals related to health, education, and environmental sustainability
All the options listed are indeed part of the MDGs.
Target of poverty reduction
Clean water & sanitation
Target for promoting gender equality
All of the above
Answer: 2. Clean water & sanitation
Explanation:
While the MDGs did include ensuring environmental sustainability (Goal 7), which encompassed water and sanitation, it was not specifically framed as "clean water & sanitation" as a standalone goal.
The SDGs (successors to MDGs) have a dedicated goal for clean water and sanitation (SDG 6).
The phrasing in the question is tricky, but among the options, clean water and sanitation is the least directly stated in the original MDG framework.
Clarification: Actually, based on standard MDG lists, all three are included. The correct answer should be examined carefully. The MDGs did include water and sanitation under Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability. So technically, all are included. But the question asks what is NOT included, and among these, all ARE included, so the answer should be "none" but that's not an option. Let me check the answer key...
Looking at the answer key provided (c) for question 7, I see there's an inconsistency. Let me provide the correct analysis:
The MDGs included:
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability (which includes water and sanitation)
Develop a global partnership for development
Therefore, all options are actually included in MDGs.
Harlem Bruntland
Barbara Ward
Wally Broecker
Wangari Maathai
Answer: 2. Barbara Ward
Explanation:
Barbara Ward, a British economist, is credited with first using the term "sustainable development" in the 1970s.
She used the term in her writings about international development and environmental issues.
The term was later popularized by the Brundtland Commission in 1987.
It means optimal utilization of natural resources.
Sustainable use of natural resources without considering the need of the future generation
Present generation fulfills its needs while considers the needs of the future generation as well
None of these
Answer: 3. Present generation fulfills its needs while considers the needs of the future generation as well
Explanation:
This is essentially the Brundtland Commission definition: "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
The first option only mentions optimal resource use without considering equity or future needs.
The second option explicitly excludes consideration of future generations, which contradicts the core principle of sustainability.
People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace and Partnership
People, Planet, Prosperity and Peace
People, Planet, Wealth and Peace
People, Environment, Prosperity, Peace and Foresight
Answer: 1. People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace and Partnership
Explanation:
The 2030 Agenda is built around the "5 Ps":
People: Ending poverty and hunger
Planet: Protecting the Earth's natural resources
Prosperity: Ensuring prosperous and fulfilling lives
Peace: Fostering peaceful, just and inclusive societies
Partnership: Implementing the agenda through global partnership
These five pillars provide the framework for the 17 SDGs.
Climate action
Life below water
Zero hunger
Life on land
Answer: 2. Life below water
Explanation:
SDG 14: "Life Below Water" focuses on conservation and sustainable use of oceans, seas and marine resources.
As a landlocked country, Nepal has limited direct connection to marine ecosystems.
However, Nepal is affected by issues like climate change that impact oceans, and it participates in global ocean conservation efforts.
All SDGs are relevant to all countries, but this one has less direct applicability to Nepal compared to coastal nations.
165
166
168
169
Answer: 4. 169
Explanation:
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals have a total of 169 associated targets.
These targets provide specific, measurable objectives for each goal.
The targets cover a wide range of issues including poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, clean water, energy, economic growth, and environmental protection.
Antonio Gutteres
Ban Ki-moon
Rashid Sumaila
Makin Falkenmark
Answer: 2. Ban Ki-moon
Explanation:
This famous quote is attributed to Ban Ki-moon, former Secretary-General of the United Nations (2007-2016).
He used this statement to emphasize the urgency of addressing climate change and implementing the Sustainable Development Goals.
The quote highlights that Earth is our only home, and we must protect it as we have no alternative planet.
2000 AD
2015 AD
1992 AD
2012 AD
Answer: 1. 2000 AD
Explanation:
The Millennium Development Goals were adopted at the United Nations Millennium Summit in September 2000.
World leaders gathered at UN headquarters in New York to adopt the United Nations Millennium Declaration.
The MDGs were derived from this declaration and set targets to be achieved by 2015.
Buenos Aires
Rio de Janeiro
Dar-es-Salam
Nayoga
Answer: 2. Rio de Janeiro
Explanation:
The first Earth Summit, officially known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June 1992.
It was a major UN conference that brought together leaders from 172 countries.
Key outcomes included Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration, and conventions on climate change and biodiversity.
Kyoto Protocol
Agenda-21
Both a and b
Neither a or b
Note: The question text appears to be incomplete in the PDF.
Answer: Based on the answer key: 2. Agenda-21
Explanation:
Since the question is incomplete, I'll provide context for Agenda 21:
Agenda 21 is a comprehensive action plan adopted at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro.
It is a non-binding, voluntarily implemented action plan for sustainable development.
The "21" refers to the 21st century, indicating it's an agenda for sustainable development in the 21st century.
Environment and Development
Global warming
Climate change
Bio-diversity
Answer: 1. Environment and Development
Explanation:
Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action for sustainable development that balances environmental protection with economic development.
It addresses social and economic dimensions, conservation and management of resources, and the roles of major groups.
While it touches on global warming, climate change, and biodiversity, its primary focus is the broader relationship between environment and development.
UK
China
France
Australia
Answer: 2. China
Explanation:
China was the first country to sign Agenda 21 at the Earth Summit in 1992.
Agenda 21 was adopted by 178 governments at the conference.
China's early adoption signaled its commitment to sustainable development principles.
10th
7th
8th
6th
Answer: 3. 8th
Explanation:
Nepal's Environment Protection Act was enacted in 1996 (2053 BS).
The Environment Protection Rules were enacted in 1997 (2054 BS).
This corresponds to the Eighth Five Year Plan period (1992-1997).
Geneva, Switzerland
Nairobi, Kenya
New Delhi, India
New York, USA
Answer: 2. Nairobi, Kenya
Explanation:
UNEP headquarters is located in Nairobi, Kenya.
It is the only UN agency headquartered in a developing country.
UNEP was established in 1972 following the UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.
Pollution
Conservation of Wetland
Conservation of Environment
Global warming
Answer: 3. Conservation of Environment
Explanation:
Earthwatch is an international environmental organization.
It connects people with scientists worldwide to conduct environmental research.
Its mission is to engage people worldwide in scientific field research and education to promote environmental sustainability.
1976 A.D.
1998 A.D.
1992 A.D.
1997 A.D.
Answer: 1. 1976 A.D.
Explanation:
World Environment Day is celebrated globally on June 5 every year.
Nepal first observed Environment Day in 1976 (2033 BS).
This followed the 1972 Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment which established World Environment Day.
Australia
Japan
America
Finland
Answer: 1. Australia
Explanation:
Earth Hour was started in Sydney, Australia in 2007.
It was organized by WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) Australia.
The first Earth Hour saw 2.2 million Sydney residents and businesses turn off their lights for one hour.
Our Land, Our Future
Save the earth, save our environment
Only One Earth
Think, Eat and Save
Answer: 1. Our Land, Our Future
Explanation:
The theme for World Environment Day 2024 is "Land restoration, desertification and drought resilience."
The slogan "Our Land. Our Future." reflects this theme.
World Environment Day 2024 is hosted by Saudi Arabia.
"Beat Air pollution"
"Invest in Our Planet"
"The only earth"
"Gift to Earth"
Answer: 2. "Invest in Our Planet"
Explanation:
Earth Day 2023 theme was "Invest in Our Planet."
This theme emphasized the need for businesses, governments, and citizens to invest in a green economy.
Earth Day is celebrated annually on April 22.
17th
11th
18th
10th
Answer: 3. 18th
Explanation:
Earth Hour started in 2007.
Earth Hour 2024 marks the 18th edition (2007-2024 inclusive).
The event is held annually on the last Saturday of March.
Global-500
Agenda-21
Bio-diversity
Climate Change
Answer: 1. Global-500
Explanation:
The 1992 Earth Summit (Rio Summit) produced:
Agenda 21
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
Convention on Biological Diversity
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Global 500 was a UNEP award program (1987-2003) unrelated to the Earth Summit outcomes.
ISO 9000
ISO 9001
ISO 14064
ISO 14001
Answer: 4. ISO 14001
Explanation:
ISO 14001 is the international standard for Environmental Management Systems (EMS).
It provides a framework for organizations to manage their environmental responsibilities.
ISO 14001 specifies requirements for an EMS that an organization can use to enhance environmental performance.
Gaylord Nelson
Wangari Maathai
Paul Watson
John Muir
Answer: 2. Wangari Maathai
Explanation:
Wangari Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement in Kenya in 1977.
She was a Kenyan environmental, social, and political activist.
Maathai was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy, and peace.
Jagannath Singh
Rinzin Phunjok Lama
Ram Priksha Yadav
Dr. Kamal Prasad Gaire
Answer: 2. Rinzin Phunjok Lama
Explanation:
Rinzin Phunjok Lama is a Nepalese conservationist.
He received the WWF's Conservation Award in 2020 for his work in snow leopard conservation.
Lama has been instrumental in community-based conservation efforts in the Himalayas.
Brayan Walker
Prof. Malin Falken Mark
Tamara Galloway
Neither a nor b
Answer: 3. Tamara Galloway
Explanation:
The Blue Planet Award is an international environmental award.
In 2023, Professor Tamara Galloway received the award for her research on microplastics and their impact on marine ecosystems.
She is a British ecotoxicologist at the University of Exeter.
Environmental Sector
Atmospheric Sector
Bio-Diversity Sector
Sector of Sustainable Development
Answer: 1. Environmental Sector
Explanation:
The Goldman Environmental Prize is awarded annually to grassroots environmental activists.
It is often called the "Green Nobel."
The prize recognizes individuals for sustained and significant efforts to protect the natural environment.
Mahesh Chandra Regmi
Dr. Sanduk Ruit
Dr. Krishna Kumar Pandey
Dr. Harka Gurung
Answer: 3. Dr. Krishna Kumar Pandey
Explanation:
Dr. Krishna Kumar Pandey was the first Nepali to receive the UNEP Global 500 Roll of Honour Award in 1989.
He was recognized for his contributions to environmental conservation in Nepal.
The Global 500 award was given by UNEP from 1987 to 2003.
Population Control
Campaign against drugs
Elimination of illiteracy
Protection of environment
Answer: 4. Protection of environment
Explanation:
The UNEP Global 500 Roll of Honour was established in 1987.
It recognized individuals and organizations for outstanding achievements in environmental protection.
The award was discontinued in 2003 and replaced by the Champions of the Earth award.
1960 A.D.
1961 A.D.
1962 A.D.
1963 A.D.
Answer: 2. 1961 A.D.
Explanation:
WWF (World Wildlife Fund, now World Wide Fund for Nature) was established on September 11, 1961.
It was founded in Morges, Switzerland.
The organization's mission is to stop the degradation of the planet's natural environment.
ICIMOD
WWF
IUCN
UNEP
Answer: 3. IUCN
Explanation:
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (often called the Red Data Book) is published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
It was first created in 1964.
The Red List categorizes species based on their risk of extinction.
184
175
185
193
Answer: 1. 184
Explanation:
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) has 184 parties (183 countries + the European Union).
The convention was drafted in 1963 and came into force in 1975.
Nepal became a party to CITES in 1975.
U.N.E.P.
I.U.C.N.
I.P.C.C
W.W.F.
Answer: 2. I.U.C.N.
Explanation:
The IUCN Red List is maintained by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
It is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species.
The Red List uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species.
Protection of Endangered species of wild Flora and Fauna
Protection of mountains
Both a and b
Neither a Nor b
Answer: 1. Protection of Endangered species of wild Flora and Fauna
Explanation:
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) regulates international trade in endangered plants and animals.
It aims to ensure that international trade does not threaten the survival of species.
The convention covers approximately 5,800 species of animals and 30,000 species of plants.
W.W.F. - 1960 AD
I.U.C.N. - 1973 AD
Rio 20 - 1992 AD
Red Data Book - CITES
Answer: 4. Red Data Book - CITES
Explanation:
The Red Data Book is published by IUCN, not CITES.
Correct pairs:
WWF was established in 1961 (not 1960)
IUCN was established in 1948 (not 1973)
Rio Earth Summit was in 1992 (Rio+20 was in 2012, not 1992)
The most clearly wrong pair is Red Data Book - CITES.
1959 A.D.
1960 A.D.
1961 A.D.
1962 A.D.
Answer: 3. 1961 A.D.
Explanation:
WWF was founded on September 11, 1961.
Its founding document, the Morges Manifesto, was signed in Morges, Switzerland.
The organization was originally called the World Wildlife Fund, but changed to World Wide Fund for Nature in 1986.
Myanmar
Afghanistan
Bhutan
Thailand
Answer: 4. Thailand
Explanation:
ICIMOD (International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development) member countries are:
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan
Thailand is not a member of ICIMOD.
ICIMOD is based in Kathmandu, Nepal and focuses on sustainable mountain development in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region.
World Environmental Day - 1972 AD
Kyoto Protocol - 1997 AD
SAARC Environmental year - 1990 AD
IUCN - 1948
Answer: 3. SAARC Environmental year - 1990 AD
Explanation:
Correct facts:
World Environment Day was established in 1972
Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997
IUCN was founded in 1948
SAARC declared 1992 as the SAARC Year of the Environment, not 1990.
30 dB
40 dB
60 dB
80 dB
Answer: 4. 80 dB
Explanation:
Sound above 85 dB can cause hearing damage with prolonged exposure.
The World Health Organization recommends keeping noise levels below 70 dB.
Hazardous noise levels typically begin at 80-85 dB for extended exposure periods.
PAN
Smog
Sulphur dioxide
Ozone
Answer: 3. Sulphur dioxide
Explanation:
Primary pollutants are emitted directly from sources (e.g., SO₂, NOx, CO, particulate matter).
Secondary pollutants form when primary pollutants react in the atmosphere:
PAN (Peroxyacetyl nitrate) forms from NOx and VOCs
Smog forms from NOx and VOCs with sunlight
Ozone forms from NOx and VOCs with sunlight
Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) is a primary pollutant emitted from burning fossil fuels.
Environmental protection
Concerning the Control of Nitrogen Oxides
Renewable Energy
Reduction of emission of green house gas
Answer: 4. Reduction of emission of green house gas
Explanation:
The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 and came into force in 2005.
It is an international treaty that commits industrialized countries to limit and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The protocol operates under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Earth Summit, Rio - de - Janeiro
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
G - 8 Summit
Answer: 2. Kyoto Protocol
Explanation:
Carbon credits originated from the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
CDM allows developed countries to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries.
One carbon credit equals one tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent reduced or removed from the atmosphere.
India
Brazil
USA
China
Answer: 4. China
Explanation:
China is currently the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases.
As of recent data, China accounts for approximately 30% of global CO₂ emissions.
The United States is the second-largest emitter, followed by India.
Protection of Red panda
Protection of Ozone layer depletion
Water pollution
Bio- diversity
Answer: 2. Protection of Ozone layer depletion
Explanation:
The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987.
It is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
It is considered one of the most successful international environmental agreements.
October 05, 2016
September 14, 2016
November 04, 2016
April 22, 2016
Answer: 4. April 22, 2016
Explanation:
Nepal signed the Paris Agreement on April 22, 2016 (Baishakh 10, 2073 BS).
The Paris Agreement was adopted on December 12, 2015 at COP21.
Nepal ratified the agreement on October 5, 2016.
0.027
0.056
0.021
0.012
Answer: 1. 0.027
Explanation:
Nepal contributes approximately 0.027% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
This is a very small percentage due to Nepal's low level of industrialization.
However, Nepal is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change despite its minimal contribution.
0.0056°C
0.056°C
0.001°C
0.021°C
Answer: 2. 0.056°C
Explanation:
According to the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal's average maximum temperature has been rising at approximately 0.056°C per year.
This rate is higher than the global average.
The Himalayan region is experiencing faster warming due to climate change.
2025 AD
2035 AD
2045 AD
2100 AD
Answer: 3. 2045 AD
Explanation:
At COP26 in Glasgow (2021), Nepal committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2045.
This target is more ambitious than many developed countries.
Nepal's Long-Term Strategy for Net-Zero Emissions outlines pathways to achieve this goal.
Wally Broecker
John Tyndall
J.C. Farman
E.O. Wilson
Answer: 1. Wally Broecker
Explanation:
Wallace "Wally" Broecker, an American geochemist, first used the term "global warming" in a 1975 scientific paper.
The paper was titled "Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?"
Broecker was one of the first scientists to sound the alarm about climate change.
The Earth Summit 1992 issued United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC)
10-10-10 is related to climate change.
only 1
only 2
both 1&2
neither 1 nor 2
Answer: 3. both 1&2
Explanation:
Statement 1: The UNFCCC was indeed adopted at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.
Statement 2: 10-10-10 refers to October 10, 2010, when a global day of climate action was organized by the organization 350.org.
Both statements are correct.
The reduction of Green house & its emission
Green growth Strategy
To established "Green Climate Fund"
Protect and restore ecosystem
Answer: Based on answer key: 3. To established "Green Climate Fund"
Explanation:
COP28 was held in Dubai, UAE in 2023.
While all options are relevant to climate conferences, the Green Climate Fund was actually established at COP16 in Cancun (2010).
COP28 had multiple focuses including loss and damage fund operationalization, global stocktake, and climate finance.
Note: There seems to be an error in either the question or answer key. The Green Climate Fund was established in 2010, not at COP28.
Combat Desertification
formulate sustainable development goals
Protection of ozone layer
combat climate Change
Answer: 3. Protection of ozone layer
Explanation:
The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer was adopted in 1985.
The Montreal Protocol (1987) is the implementation agreement under the Vienna Convention.
Together, they aim to protect the ozone layer by phasing out ozone-depleting substances.
Nitrous oxide
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Sulphur Hexa Fluoride
Answer: 4. Sulphur Hexa Fluoride
Explanation:
Atmospheric lifetimes of greenhouse gases:
Sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆): 3,200 years
Carbon dioxide (CO₂): 100-300 years
Nitrous oxide (N₂O): 114 years
Methane (CH₄): 12 years
SF₆ has the longest atmospheric lifetime and is also the most potent greenhouse gas.
CFC's
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Nitrous oxide
Answer: 1. CFC's
Explanation:
CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) are entirely human-made chemicals.
Naturally occurring greenhouse gases include:
Carbon dioxide (from respiration, volcanoes)
Methane (from wetlands, livestock)
Nitrous oxide (from soils, oceans)
Water vapor
CFCs were invented in the 1920s and widely used as refrigerants and propellants.
CO₂ and NO₂
CO₂ and O₃
CO₂ and CO
CO₂ and CH₄
Answer: 4. CO₂ and CH₄
Explanation:
The major greenhouse gases contributing to the enhanced greenhouse effect are:
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) - contributes about 76% of the effect
Methane (CH₄) - contributes about 16%
Nitrous oxide (N₂O) - contributes about 6%
Fluorinated gases - contribute about 2%
CO₂ and CH₄ together account for the majority of greenhouse gas forcing.
SO₂
CO
CO₂
NO₂
Answer: 3. CO₂
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for the enhanced greenhouse effect.
It accounts for approximately 76% of total greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.
The main sources are fossil fuel combustion and deforestation.
CO₂ > CH₄ > NO₂ > CFCs
N₂O > CH₄ > CFCs > CO₂
CO₂ > N₂O > CH₄ > CFCs
CH₄ > CFCs > N₂O > CO₂
Answer: 1. CO₂ > CH₄ > NO₂ > CFCs
Explanation:
Relative contributions to global warming (approximate percentages):
Carbon dioxide (CO₂): 76%
Methane (CH₄): 16%
Nitrous oxide (N₂O): 6%
Fluorinated gases (including CFCs): 2%
This order reflects their contribution to radiative forcing.
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Answer: 2. Carbon monoxide
Explanation:
Carbon monoxide (CO) is not a significant greenhouse gas.
It is a toxic air pollutant but has minimal direct radiative forcing.
Major greenhouse gases include CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, and fluorinated gases.
CO can indirectly affect climate by reacting to form CO₂ and ozone.
Sulphur dioxide
Chlorofluorocarbons
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Answer: 2. Chlorofluorocarbons
Explanation:
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the primary cause of ozone layer depletion.
When CFCs reach the stratosphere, UV radiation breaks them down, releasing chlorine atoms.
Each chlorine atom can destroy thousands of ozone molecules through catalytic cycles.
2004 AD
1997 AD
2005 AD
2007 AD
Answer: 3. 2005 AD
Explanation:
Nepal signed the Kyoto Protocol on December 9, 2005.
The protocol was adopted in 1997 but came into force in 2005.
As a non-Annex I country (developing country), Nepal has no binding emission reduction targets under Kyoto.
London
Dubai
Madrid
Rome
Answer: 2. Dubai
Explanation:
COP28 (28th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC) was held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
It took place from November 30 to December 12, 2023.
The conference was presided over by Sultan Al Jaber of the UAE.
Nitrogen
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Sulphur Hexafluoride
Answer: 1. Nitrogen
Explanation:
Nitrogen (N₂) makes up 78% of the atmosphere but is not a greenhouse gas.
It is transparent to infrared radiation and does not trap heat.
Major greenhouse gases include CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, and SF₆ (sulphur hexafluoride).
John Tyndall
E. Newton Foote
both a & b
James Hansen
Answer: 1. John Tyndall
Explanation:
John Tyndall, an Irish physicist, conducted the first scientific experiments on the greenhouse effect in 1859.
He measured the infrared absorption of various gases including CO₂ and water vapor.
His work demonstrated that certain gases trap heat in the atmosphere.
Mangsir 19, 2066
Ashadh 03, 2067
Kartik 03, 2070
Sharwan 10, 2073
Answer: 1. Mangsir 19, 2066
Explanation:
The Kalapathar cabinet meeting was held on December 4, 2009 (Mangsir 19, 2066 BS).
The meeting took place at 5,250 meters (17,224 feet) near Everest base camp.
It was organized to highlight the impacts of climate change on the Himalayas ahead of COP15 in Copenhagen.
Sri Lanka
Japan
India
Maldives
Answer: 4. Maldives
Explanation:
The Maldives held an underwater cabinet meeting on October 17, 2009.
President Mohamed Nasheed and ministers signed a document calling for global action on climate change.
The event highlighted the threat of sea-level rise to low-lying island nations.
Air pollution
Conservation of Wetland
Climate change
Water Pollution
Answer: 3. Climate change
Explanation:
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty under the UNFCCC.
Its goal is to combat climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
It was adopted in Kyoto, Japan in 1997 and came into force in 2005.
Trans-boundary Movements of the Hazardous wastes and their disposal
Ozone Layer depletion
Sustainable Development
Earth Summit
Answer: 1. Trans-boundary Movements of the Hazardous wastes and their disposal
Explanation:
The Basel Convention was adopted in 1989 and came into force in 1992.
It controls the transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.
The convention aims to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of hazardous wastes.
European Union
BRICS
WHO
SAARC
Answer: 1. European Union
Explanation:
The European Parliament declared a climate and environmental emergency on November 28, 2019.
This made the EU the first major economy to declare such an emergency.
The declaration was symbolic but signaled political commitment to climate action.
2069 B.S.
2045 B.S.
2053 B.S.
2050 B.S.
Answer: 1. 2069 B.S.
Explanation:
Nepal's National Wetland Policy was issued in 2069 BS (2012 AD).
The policy aims to conserve and manage wetland ecosystems sustainably.
Nepal has 10 wetlands designated as Ramsar sites of international importance.
2059 B.S.
2053 B.S.
2076 B.S.
2062 B.S.
Answer: 3. 2076 B.S.
Explanation:
Nepal's National Climate Change Policy was developed in 2076 BS (2019 AD).
It replaced the earlier Climate Change Policy of 2067 BS (2011 AD).
The policy provides a framework for climate change adaptation and mitigation in Nepal.
Chitwan
Parsa
Banke
Bardia
Answer: 1. Chitwan
Explanation:
The National Biodiversity Information Centre is being established in Chitwan district.
Chitwan is home to Chitwan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The center will collect, manage, and disseminate biodiversity data.
Species diversity
Hereditary diversity
Environmental diversity
Climate diversity
Answer: 4. Climate diversity
Explanation:
Biodiversity includes three main levels:
Genetic diversity: Variation within species
Species diversity: Variety of species in an area
Ecosystem diversity: Variety of ecosystems
Climate diversity is not a recognized category of biodiversity, though climate influences biodiversity patterns.
Hydroshere
Biosphere
Lithosphere
Biome
Answer: 2. Biosphere
Explanation:
The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems.
It includes all living organisms and their interactions with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
The biosphere extends from the deepest ocean trenches to the highest mountains.
Be Part of the Plan
save our species
The only Earth
air pollution
Answer: 1. Be Part of the Plan
Explanation:
International Day for Biological Diversity 2024 theme is "Be part of the Plan."
This theme calls for action to support the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
The day is celebrated annually on May 22.
11
12
8
10
Answer: 4. 10
Explanation:
Nepal has 10 wetlands designated as Ramsar sites (wetlands of international importance).
These include:
Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (first, designated in 1987)
Beeshazar and Associated Lakes
Ghodaghodi Tal
Jagadishpur Reservoir
Gokyo Lakes
Gosainkunda
Gosaikunda
Phoksundo Lake
Rara Lake
Mai Pokhari
108
118
98
101
Answer: 2. 118
Explanation:
Nepal has 118 ecosystems identified across various ecological zones.
These range from tropical forests in the Terai to alpine meadows and glaciers in the Himalayas.
This diversity results from Nepal's dramatic elevation variation (60m to 8,848m).
Indonesia
Brazil
Colombia
China
Answer: 2. Brazil
Explanation:
Brazil is considered the most biodiverse country in the world.
It contains:
The Amazon rainforest (largest tropical rainforest)
The Atlantic Forest
The Cerrado savanna
The Pantanal wetlands
Brazil hosts approximately 15-20% of the world's biological diversity.
Bardiya
Ilam
Chitwan
Parsa
Answer: 3. Chitwan
Explanation:
The National Biodiversity Information Centre is located in Chitwan.
Chitwan National Park is one of Nepal's biodiversity hotspots.
The center serves as a repository for biodiversity data and information.
Kenya
Nepal
Indonesia
Malaysia
Answer: 3. Indonesia
Explanation:
Among the options given, Indonesia is the most biodiverse.
Indonesia is a megadiverse country with:
Second highest level of biodiversity in the world (after Brazil)
17% of the world's bird species
16% of the world's reptile and amphibian species
12% of the world's mammal species
47th & 11th
51th & 9th
48th & 12th
44th & 3rd
Answer: 3. 48th & 12th
Explanation:
According to various biodiversity indices, Nepal ranks:
48th in the world for biodiversity
12th in Asia for biodiversity
Despite its small size, Nepal has high biodiversity due to its varied topography and climate zones.
1st, April
23rd, April
22nd, May
5th, December
Answer: 3. 22nd, May
Explanation:
International Day for Biological Diversity is celebrated on May 22 each year.
This date commemorates the adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1992.
The day was originally celebrated on December 29 but was changed to May 22 in 2000.
Ecosystem
species diversity
Genetic diversity
clean energy diversity
Answer: 4. clean energy diversity
Explanation:
Biodiversity components include:
Ecosystem diversity
Species diversity
Genetic diversity
Clean energy diversity refers to variety in energy sources (solar, wind, hydro, etc.) and is not a component of biological diversity.
Henry Becquerel
Albert Einstein
Michel Faraday
Enrico Ferni
Answer: 2. Albert Einstein
Explanation:
Albert Einstein proposed the theory of relativity.
He published the special theory of relativity in 1905.
The general theory of relativity was published in 1915.
The theory revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity.
He was born in France
He received Nobel Prize in 1921 A.D.
He was died in U.S.A.
1, 2 and 3 are correct
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
Answer: 3. 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
Statement 1: INCORRECT - Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany (1879), not France.
Statement 2: CORRECT - He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
Statement 3: CORRECT - Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey, USA in 1955.
United Kingdom
France
Netherland
Poland
Answer: 1. United Kingdom
Explanation:
Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford, England on January 8, 1942.
He was a theoretical physicist and cosmologist.
Despite being diagnosed with ALS at age 21, he made groundbreaking contributions to physics.
Albert Einstein
Stephen Hawking
Sir Isaac Newton
Marie Curie
Answer: 2. Stephen Hawking
Explanation:
"A Brief History of Time" was written by Stephen Hawking and published in 1988.
The book explains complex concepts in cosmology for a general audience.
It became an international bestseller, selling over 25 million copies.
France
Germany
Britain
Poland
Answer: 4. Poland
Explanation:
Marie Curie was born Maria Skłodowska in Warsaw, Poland on November 7, 1867.
She later moved to France for her education and research.
She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different sciences (Physics and Chemistry).
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Darwin
Johann Karl Nestler
Answer: 2. Gregor Mendel
Explanation:
Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics.
He was an Austrian monk who conducted pea plant experiments in the 1860s.
His work established the fundamental laws of inheritance, though it was not recognized until the early 20th century.
The large Hadron Collider
The big Impact Reactor
The Large proton Reactor
The big Thought
Answer: 1. The large Hadron Collider
Explanation:
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator.
It is located at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) near Geneva, Switzerland.
The LHC tunnel is 27 kilometers in circumference, 100 meters underground.
The great Scientist sir Isaac Newton was born in Britain.
The first person to land in the Space from United States of America.
Both 1 and 2 correct
Both 1 and 2 incorrect
1 correct and 2 incorrect
1 incorrect and 2 correct
Answer: 3. 1 correct and 2 incorrect
Explanation:
Statement 1: CORRECT - Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England in 1643.
Statement 2: INCORRECT - The first person in space was Yuri Gagarin from the Soviet Union (1961), not the United States. The first American in space was Alan Shepard (1961).
Sir Isaac Newton
John Dalton
Michael Faraday
Albert Einstein
Answer: 3. Michael Faraday
Explanation:
Michael Faraday is often called the father of electricity for his discoveries in electromagnetism.
His key contributions include:
Electromagnetic induction (1831)
Faraday's law of induction
Invention of the electric motor
Discovery of benzene
Alfred Russel Wallace
Charles Darwin
Gregor John Mendel
Jean Baptiste de Lamark
Answer: 3. Gregor John Mendel
Explanation:
Gregor Mendel is associated with genetics, not evolution theory.
Scientists related to evolution:
Charles Darwin: Theory of natural selection
Alfred Russel Wallace: Co-discoverer of natural selection
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: Theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics
Kelvin
Thomson
Rutherford
Becquerel
Answer: 4. Becquerel
Explanation:
Radioactivity was discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1896.
He discovered that uranium salts emitted radiation that could penetrate opaque materials.
Marie Curie later coined the term "radioactivity" and conducted further research with Pierre Curie.
James Watt
James Prescott Joule
New Common
Isaac Newton
Answer: 1. James Watt
Explanation:
James Watt improved the steam engine in the 1760s-1770s, making it efficient and practical.
While Thomas Newcomen built the first practical steam engine (1712), Watt's improvements were crucial for the Industrial Revolution.
The unit of power (watt) is named after James Watt.
Jacob and Monod
Watson and Crick
H.G. Knorana
Charles Darwin
Answer: 2. Watson and Crick
Explanation:
James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the double-helix structure of DNA in 1953.
Their model was based on X-ray diffraction data from Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins.
They received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962 for this discovery.
Francis Galton
Ray Tomlinson
Tim Burners lee
Gabor Bath
Answer: 2. Ray Tomlinson
Explanation:
Ray Tomlinson invented email in 1971.
He implemented the first email system on ARPANET.
Tomlinson chose the "@" symbol to separate user names from host names in email addresses.
Louise Joy Brown
Dennis Ritchie
Joseph Giblin
Alan Emtage
Answer: 1. Louise Joy Brown
Explanation:
Louise Joy Brown, born on July 25, 1978 in England, was the world's first successful "test-tube baby."
She was conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF).
The procedure was performed by Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards (who won the Nobel Prize in 2010).
Biro Brothers
Waterman Brothers
Bick Brothers
None
Answer: 1. Biro Brothers
Explanation:
The ballpoint pen was invented by László Bíró, a Hungarian-Argentinian journalist, in 1938.
He patented the design with his brother György Bíró.
The pen used a tiny rotating ball bearing to distribute ink evenly.
Radio Active Direction and Resuming
Radio Detection and Ranging
Answer: 2. Radio Detection and Ranging
Explanation:
RADAR stands for Radio Detection and Ranging.
It is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects.
Radar was developed secretly by several nations before and during World War II.
Alexander Fleming
Karl Erel
Louis Pasteur
Edward Jenner
Answer: 1. Alexander Fleming
Explanation:
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
He observed that mold (Penicillium notatum) inhibited bacterial growth.
Howard Florey and Ernst Chain later developed it into a usable medicine, saving millions of lives.
Nepal Sat-1
Nepal Sat
Nepali Sat-1
Nepali Sat
Answer: 1. Nepal Sat-1
Explanation:
Nepal's first satellite was named Nepal Sat-1 (also called NepaliSat-1).
It was launched on April 17, 2019 from Wallops Flight Facility, USA.
The satellite was developed by Nepalese engineers with support from Japan's Kyutech University.
X-ray: Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell
Printing Press: Edison
Computer: Charles Babbage
Answer: 3. Printing Press: Edison
Explanation:
The printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, not Thomas Edison.
Correct inventors:
X-ray: Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (1895)
Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell (1876)
Computer: Charles Babbage (conceptualized the first mechanical computer)
Blaise Pascal
Robert Watson
Greger Mendal
Robert Basely
Answer: 1. Blaise Pascal
Explanation:
Blaise Pascal invented the mechanical calculator (Pascaline) in 1642.
He built it to help his father, a tax commissioner, with calculations.
The Pascaline could perform addition and subtraction through a series of gears and wheels.
Archimedes
Napoleon Hill
Thomas Alva Edison
Pythagoras
Answer: 3. Thomas Alva Edison
Explanation:
Thomas Edison is credited with inventing the first practical incandescent light bulb in 1879.
While others had worked on electric lighting, Edison's version was durable, long-lasting, and commercially viable.
He also developed the electrical distribution system to power the bulbs.
Jack Dorsey and Biz stone
Larry page and Sergey Brin
Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan
Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger
Answer: 2. Larry page and Sergey Brin
Explanation:
Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1998.
They developed the PageRank algorithm while PhD students at Stanford University.
Google started as a research project called "BackRub" before becoming the world's dominant search engine.
Madam Currie
Stephen Hawkins
Charles Darwin
John Dalton
Answer: 3. Charles Darwin
Explanation:
"On the Origin of Species" was written by Charles Darwin and published in 1859.
The book introduced the scientific theory of evolution by natural selection.
It is considered one of the most important scientific works ever published.
Biro Brothers
Waterman Brothers
Bick Brothers
None
Answer: 1. Biro Brothers
Explanation:
This is a repeat of question 103. The answer is the same: László Bíró and his brother György Bíró invented the ballpoint pen in 1938.
Orvactive
Dalvance
Staphefect
Sivextro
Answer: 3. Staphefect
Explanation:
Staphefect is an enzyme-based treatment developed as an alternative to antibiotics.
It specifically targets Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, including MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
The treatment uses endolysins, enzymes that break down bacterial cell walls.
Transistor
Integrated circuit
Microchip
Biochip
Answer: 4. Biochip
Explanation:
Fifth generation computers (present and future) are characterized by:
Artificial intelligence
Natural language processing
Biochips (using biological molecules)
Quantum computing
Parallel processing
Earlier generations used transistors (2nd), integrated circuits (3rd), and microchips (4th).
Thomas Alva Edison
Galileo
Alexander Graham Bell
G. Marconi
Answer: 3. Alexander Graham Bell
Explanation:
Alexander Graham Bell is credited with inventing the telephone in 1876.
He filed his patent ("Improvement in Telegraphy") just hours before Elisha Gray filed a similar patent.
Bell's first successful transmission was: "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you."
Josh Brown
Konrad Zuse
Henry Edward Roberts
Charles Babbage
Answer: 4. Charles Babbage
Explanation:
Charles Babbage is considered the father of the computer for conceiving the first mechanical computer.
He designed the Difference Engine (1822) and Analytical Engine (1837).
While not a personal computer in the modern sense, his work laid the foundation for computing.
Note: Some consider Henry Edward Roberts (inventor of the Altair 8800) as the father of the personal computer, but Babbage is the traditional answer.
Alexander Fleming
Karl Erel
Louis Pasteur
Edward Jenner
Answer: 1. Alexander Fleming
Explanation:
This is a repeat of question 105. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
Albert Einstein
Michael Skube
George Gamow
Roger Penrose
Answer: 3. George Gamow
Explanation:
George Gamow, a Russian-American physicist, developed the Big Bang theory in the 1940s.
He predicted the existence of cosmic microwave background radiation.
The term "Big Bang" was actually coined by Fred Hoyle, who opposed the theory.
Charles Fulton
Charles
Waterman
A.L. Breguet
Answer: 4. A.L. Breguet
Explanation:
Abraham-Louis Breguet (1747-1823) was a Swiss horologist who made significant improvements to watches.
He invented:
The tourbillon (1801)
The Breguet overcoil (improved balance spring)
The first wristwatch (for Caroline Murat, Queen of Naples, in 1810)
(Group I) (Group II)
Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg
Radar Robert Watson Watt
Television Alexander Graham bell Which of the above matches is /are correct?
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 only
all of above
Answer: 1. 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Match 1: CORRECT - Printing Press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg (~1440)
Match 2: CORRECT - Radar was developed by Robert Watson-Watt (1935)
Match 3: INCORRECT - Television was invented by John Logie Baird (1925), not Alexander Graham Bell
Tomy Karl palm
Martin cooper
Justin cell
Justin Cooper
Answer: 2. Martin cooper
Explanation:
Martin Cooper is considered the father of the mobile phone.
He made the first public handheld mobile phone call on April 3, 1973.
Cooper was a Motorola engineer who led the team that developed the DynaTAC 8000x, the first commercial cellular phone.
Radiation
Law of motion
Quantum gravity
Medicine
Answer: 3. Quantum gravity
Explanation:
Stephen Hawking made significant contributions to theoretical physics, particularly:
Black hole thermodynamics
Hawking radiation (black holes emit radiation)
Quantum gravity (attempting to reconcile general relativity with quantum mechanics)
Cosmology and the origin of the universe
Brett Taylor
Jack Dorsey
Elon Musk
Benjamin Franklin
Answer: 3. Elon Musk
Explanation:
Elon Musk purchased Twitter (now X) in October 2022 for $44 billion.
He serves as the chairman and chief technology officer of the platform.
Jack Dorsey was the co-founder and former CEO before Musk's acquisition.
France
Germany
Switzerland
Russia
Answer: 3. Switzerland
Explanation:
Switzerland released the world's smallest gold coin featuring Albert Einstein in 2020.
The coin weighs 0.063 grams and has a diameter of 2.96 millimeters.
It was minted to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Einstein's Nobel Prize.
Louis Pasteur
Sir Alexander Fleming
Madam Curie
None of the above
Answer: 2. Sir Alexander Fleming
Explanation:
Alexander Fleming shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain.
Fleming was recognized for discovering penicillin (1928).
Florey and Chain were recognized for developing it into a usable drug.
Group I Group II a. Atomic Theory 1. Albert Einstein b. Law of Motion 2. Max Planck c. Quantum Theory 3. John Dalton d. Theory of Relativity 4. Isaac Newton
a3, b4, c1, d2
a1, b3, c2, d4
a3, b4, c2, d1
a4, b2, c1, d3
Answer: 3. a3, b4, c2, d1
Explanation:
a. Atomic Theory - 3. John Dalton (proposed modern atomic theory in early 1800s)
b. Law of Motion - 4. Isaac Newton (formulated laws of motion in 1687)
c. Quantum Theory - 2. Max Planck (founded quantum theory in 1900)
d. Theory of Relativity - 1. Albert Einstein (developed special and general relativity)
Sputnik - I
Sputnik - II
Apollo - I
Vostok - I
Answer: 4. Vostok - I
Explanation:
Vostok 1 was the first successful human spaceflight.
It carried Yuri Gagarin on April 12, 1961.
Gagarin completed one orbit of Earth in 108 minutes.
Valentina Tereshkova
Jeanette J. Epps
Patricia Robertson
Nadeznda Kuzhelnaya
Answer: 1. Valentina Tereshkova
Explanation:
Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space on June 16, 1963.
She flew aboard Vostok 6, completing 48 orbits of Earth in nearly three days.
She remains the only woman to have flown a solo space mission.
Neil Alden Armstrong
Alan Shepard
Edwin Buzz Aldrin
James B. Lrwin
Answer: 3. Edwin Buzz Aldrin
Explanation:
Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon (July 20, 1969).
Buzz Aldrin followed him about 20 minutes later, becoming the second person.
Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit aboard the command module.
USA
USSR
UK
Japan
Answer: 2. USSR
Explanation:
The Soviet Union (USSR) was the first country to enter space.
Key firsts:
First artificial satellite: Sputnik 1 (1957)
First living creature in orbit: Laika on Sputnik 2 (1957)
First human in space: Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1 (1961)
Explorer - I
Sputnik - I
Vanguard
Vostok - I
Answer: 2. Sputnik - I
Explanation:
Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite.
It was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957.
The satellite orbited for three weeks before its batteries died.
NASA
CNSA
JAXA
ESA
Answer: 3. JAXA
Explanation:
Hayabusa (meaning "peregrine falcon") is a series of Japanese spacecraft.
Hayabusa (2003) was the first mission to return asteroid samples to Earth.
Hayabusa2 (2014) successfully returned samples from asteroid Ryugu in 2020.
India
USA
Japan
China
Answer: 2. USA
Explanation:
Nepal's first satellite, Nepal Sat-1, was launched from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, USA.
The launch occurred on April 17, 2019 aboard an Antares rocket.
The satellite was part of a joint project with Japan's Kyutech University.
1979
1980
1981
1982
Answer: 3. 1981
Explanation:
The first Space Shuttle mission (STS-1) launched on April 12, 1981.
The shuttle Columbia carried astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen.
The mission lasted 54 hours and completed 36 orbits of Earth.
Alan Shepard
Neil Armstrong
Yuri Gargarin
Vladimir Komarov
Answer: 3. Yuri Gargarin
Explanation:
Yuri Gagarin was the first human in space on April 12, 1961.
He flew aboard Vostok 1, completing one orbit of Earth.
Gagarin became an international celebrity and symbol of Soviet space achievement.
Apollo - I
Sputnik - I
Solyut - I
Vostok - I
Answer: 2. Sputnik - I
Explanation:
Sputnik 1 was the first human-made object to orbit Earth (October 4, 1957).
It was a 58 cm diameter sphere with four radio antennas.
Its radio signals could be heard by amateur radio operators worldwide.
Sputnik - I
Sputnik - II
Apollo - I
Vostok - I
Answer: 4. Vostok - I
Explanation:
This is a repeat of question 127. Vostok 1 (April 12, 1961) carried Yuri Gagarin on the first successful human spaceflight.
Soviet Union
USA
China
Japan
Answer: 1. Soviet Union
Explanation:
The Luna program (1959-1976) was a series of Soviet robotic spacecraft missions to the Moon.
Key achievements:
Luna 2: First human-made object to reach the Moon (1959)
Luna 3: First photographs of the Moon's far side (1959)
Luna 9: First soft landing on the Moon (1966)
Luna 16: First robotic sample return (1970)
