MCQs

I'll provide all the MCQs with detailed explanations in a single, comprehensive response.


1. How many levels of Government shall be in the federal structure of Nepal?

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 3

  4. 4

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Answer: 3. 3

Explanation:

  • According to Article 56 of the Constitution of Nepal 2072 BS (2015 AD), Nepal has three levels of government:

    1. Federal Government (National level)

    2. Provincial Government (7 provinces)

    3. Local Government (753 local units)

  • This three-tier federal structure was established to ensure decentralization and effective governance.


2. What is/are the features of Nepalese federal system?

  1. Division of powers

  2. Separation of power

  3. Independent judiciary

  4. A written constitution

Now choose the right option

  1. 2, 3

  2. 1, 4

  3. 1, 2

  4. 1, 3, 4

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Answer: 4. 1, 3, 4

Explanation:

  • Division of powers (1): The Constitution divides powers between federal, provincial, and local governments (Schedule 5-9).

  • Independent judiciary (3): Article 126 establishes an independent judiciary.

  • A written constitution (4): Nepal has a written constitution adopted in 2015.

  • Separation of power (2): While there is some separation, the parliamentary system in Nepal has fusion rather than strict separation between executive and legislature.


3. On which principle, the Presidential Government operates?

  1. Division of powers

  2. Centralization of powers

  3. Balance of powers

  4. Separation of powers

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Answer: 4. Separation of powers

Explanation:

  • Presidential systems operate on the principle of separation of powers where:

    • Executive, legislative, and judicial branches are separate and independent

    • The president is both head of state and head of government

    • The president is not a member of the legislature

    • Examples: United States, Brazil, Philippines

  • This differs from parliamentary systems where there is fusion of executive and legislature.


4. In which country, the parliamentary form of government was first introduced?

  1. India

  2. France

  3. USA

  4. UK

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Answer: 4. UK

Explanation:

  • The parliamentary system originated in the United Kingdom (Britain).

  • It evolved gradually from the 13th century Magna Carta through the Glorious Revolution of 1688.

  • Key developments:

    • 1689: Bill of Rights established parliamentary supremacy

    • 18th century: Development of cabinet government

    • 19th century: Emergence of modern party system

  • The UK system became the model for many Commonwealth countries.


5. Which of following is not the current governance system of Nepal, as provisioned by the constitution of Nepal?

  1. Federal governance system

  2. Multi-tier government system

  3. Democratic republican governance system

  4. Executive power rests with heads of state system

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Answer: 4. Executive power rests with heads of state system

Explanation:

  • Federal governance system (1): Yes, established by Article 56.

  • Multi-tier government system (2): Yes, three-tier system (federal, provincial, local).

  • Democratic republican governance system (3): Yes, established by Article 4.

  • Executive power rests with heads of state system (4): NO. In Nepal's parliamentary system:

    • Executive power rests with the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister (Article 76)

    • The President is ceremonial head of state with limited powers

    • This is NOT a presidential system where executive power rests with the head of state.


6. Parliamentary system of governance implies

  1. Power is vested with elected legislature

  2. Elected by people

  3. Cabinet system

  4. Presence of unitary government

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Answer: 3. Cabinet system

Explanation:

  • The parliamentary system is fundamentally a cabinet system characterized by:

    • Fusion of executive and legislative branches

    • Cabinet (Council of Ministers) is drawn from and responsible to the legislature

    • Head of government (Prime Minister) is usually the leader of the majority party in parliament

    • Collective responsibility of the cabinet to the legislature

    • Can be dissolved through no-confidence motions

  • While other options may be features, "cabinet system" is the core implication.


7. Which of the following statement is/are not correct?

  1. Recognition of Nepal as a federal democratic republic nation

  2. President to be elected by the constituent assembly on the basis of the political consensus

  3. Sovereignty and state authority inherent in the Nepalese people

  4. Secularism

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Answer: 2. President to be elected by the constituent assembly on the basis of the political consensus

Explanation:

  • Statement 2 is INCORRECT because:

    • According to Article 70 of the Constitution, the President is elected by an Electoral College comprising:

      • Members of the Federal Parliament

      • Members of the Provincial Assemblies

    • Not by Constituent Assembly (which dissolved after constitution promulgation)

    • Based on voting, not just political consensus

  • Other statements are CORRECT:

    • Statement 1: Article 4 declares Nepal as federal democratic republic

    • Statement 3: Article 2 states sovereignty vested in Nepalese people

    • Statement 4: Article 4 establishes secularism


8. The President of Nepal is elected by

  1. Elected members of Houses of Representatives

  2. Members of both Houses of federal Parliament

  3. Elected Electoral College composed of the members of federal parliament and state assemblies

  4. Elected members of Houses of the state legislatures

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Answer: 3. Elected Electoral College composed of the members of federal parliament and state assemblies

Explanation:

  • According to Article 70 of the Constitution:

    • President is elected by an Electoral College

    • Electoral College consists of:

      • Members of the Federal Parliament (House of Representatives and National Assembly)

      • Members of the Provincial Assemblies (all 7 provinces)

    • Weightage system: Votes of provincial assembly members count less than federal parliament members

    • Simple majority required for election


9. Which of the following is not a merit of the presidential system?

  1. Unity of control

  2. Ministerial accountability

  3. Official recognition of the opposition

  4. Parliamentary Surveillance in government

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Answer: 4. Parliamentary Surveillance in government

Explanation:

  • Parliamentary surveillance is a feature of parliamentary systems, NOT presidential systems.

  • In presidential systems:

    • Executive is separate from legislature

    • Legislature cannot remove executive through no-confidence

    • Limited legislative oversight compared to parliamentary systems

  • Merits of presidential system include:

    • Unity of control (president as single executive)

    • Ministerial accountability (to president, not legislature)

    • Official recognition of opposition (in some systems)


10. Which one is not the merit of presidential Governance system?

  1. Political Stability is its greater virtue

  2. Head of the state is directly accountable to people

  3. Legislature parliament is free from government making process

  4. Excessive authority in executive can make the executive authoritarian

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Answer: 4. Excessive authority in executive can make the executive authoritarian

Explanation:

  • Option 4 describes a DEMERIT (drawback), not a merit.

  • Merits of presidential system include:

    • Political stability (fixed terms)

    • Direct accountability to people (through elections)

    • Legislature free from government formation

  • This demerit refers to potential for authoritarianism due to:

    • Concentration of power in single executive

    • Lack of legislative checks in some cases

    • Potential for abuse of emergency powers


11. The benefits of federal system include

  1. Citizens that may find it easier to participate in the policy-making process working with the Central government

  2. Central governments that may be more sensitive to the needs and desire of people

  3. Less populated and remote areas of the country that can find a voice in their own provincial government

  4. All of above

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Answer: 4. All of above

Explanation:

  • All statements are benefits of federal system:

    1. Easier citizen participation: Local governments closer to people allow better participation.

    2. Sensitive central government: Competition among provinces can make central government more responsive.

    3. Voice for remote areas: Provincial governments can represent local interests better than distant central government.

  • Additional benefits include:

    • Accommodation of regional diversity

    • Laboratory for policy experimentation

    • Checks and balances through multiple governments


12. Which of following is/are the Current governance system of Nepal, as provisioned by the constitution of Nepal?

  1. Federal governance system

  2. Multi-tier government system

  3. Democratic republican governance system

  4. All of above

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Answer: 4. All of above

Explanation:

  • According to the Constitution of Nepal 2072 BS:

    1. Federal governance system (Article 56): Three-tier government structure.

    2. Multi-tier government system: Federal, provincial, and local levels.

    3. Democratic republican governance system (Article 4): Nepal is a federal democratic republic.

  • All three descriptions accurately characterize Nepal's current governance system.


13. Which is not demerit of unitary governance system?

  1. Excessive dependence of people to the centre

  2. Huge work load to central level

  3. Poor utilization and mobilization of local resources

  4. Coordination and cooperation among governments bodies is easier

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Answer: 4. Coordination and cooperation among governments bodies is easier

Explanation:

  • Option 4 is actually a MERIT of unitary systems, not a demerit.

  • Demerits of unitary systems include:

    • Excessive centralization (option 1)

    • Central government overload (option 2)

    • Poor local resource utilization (option 3)

  • Merits of unitary systems include:

    • Easier coordination (single authority)

    • Uniform policies nationwide

    • Quick decision-making

    • Cost-effective administration


14. The most essential feature of the Parliamentary form of Government is the

  1. Sovereignty of the Parliament

  2. Written constitution

  3. Accountability of the executive to the legislature

  4. Independent judiciary

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Answer: 3. Accountability of the executive to the legislature

Explanation:

  • Accountability of executive to legislature is the DEFINING FEATURE of parliamentary systems:

    • Council of Ministers responsible to legislature

    • Can be removed through no-confidence motion

    • Must maintain majority support in parliament

    • Regular questioning and oversight by legislature

  • Other features may exist but are not defining:

    • Sovereignty of parliament (UK has, but India doesn't absolutely)

    • Written constitution (not in UK)

    • Independent judiciary (present in many systems)


15. Who can promulgate ordinances when the parliament is not in session?

  1. Chairman of national assembly

  2. Council of Ministers

  3. President

  4. Speaker of HoR

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Answer: 3. President

Explanation:

  • According to Article 114 of the Constitution:

    • President promulgates ordinances on recommendation of Council of Ministers

    • Conditions for ordinance:

      • When Parliament (both houses) is not in session

      • Circumstances exist requiring immediate action

      • Ordinance has same force as Act of Parliament

      • Must be approved by Parliament within 60 days of next session

  • President acts on advice of Council of Ministers in this matter.


16. Which one is not the merit of Unitary Government?

  1. Inefficient in diversity of management

  2. Uniformity in Governance

  3. Quick decision

  4. Uniform Citizenship

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Answer: 1. Inefficient in diversity of management

Explanation:

  • Option 1 is actually a DEMERIT, not a merit.

  • Merits of unitary government include:

    • Uniformity in governance (option 2)

    • Quick decision-making (option 3)

    • Uniform citizenship and laws (option 4)

  • Inefficiency in diversity management occurs because:

    • Central government may not understand local needs

    • One-size-fits-all policies may not suit all regions

    • Lack of local autonomy in decision-making


17. The benefits of the unitary system include

  1. Government that can more easily be held accountable by its citizens

  2. Government that can more easily promote national unity

  3. Citizenry that can expect the same level of government services in all regions

  4. All of the above

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Answer: 4. All of the above

Explanation:

  • All statements are benefits of unitary systems:

    1. Easier accountability: Single government makes it clearer who is responsible.

    2. Promotes national unity: Uniform policies and administration reduce regional disparities.

    3. Uniform services: Equal standards of service delivery across country.

  • Additional benefits:

    • Cost-effective administration

    • Quick implementation of policies

    • Clear chain of command

    • Less duplication of functions


18. Which one of the following is a drawback of the presidential system?

  1. Free Government during emergency

  2. Dictatorship of the council of ministers

  3. In functionability of the exact separation of power

  4. The Government can be authoritarian

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Answer: 4. The Government can be authoritarian

Explanation:

  • Potential authoritarianism is a significant drawback of presidential systems:

    • Concentration of power in single executive

    • Fixed terms mean cannot be removed easily

    • May use emergency powers excessively

    • Checks and balances may fail in practice

  • Other options are less accurate:

    • Option 1: Emergency powers exist in many systems

    • Option 2: More relevant to parliamentary systems

    • Option 3: Separation is functional but creates gridlock


19. Which one of the following is a characteristic of presidential system?

  1. Supremacy of constitution

  2. Powerful lower house

  3. Powerful council of ministers to the legislature

  4. Accountability of the president

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Answer: 4. Accountability of the president

Explanation:

  • Accountability of president is key in presidential systems:

    • Directly accountable to people through elections

    • Not accountable to legislature (cannot be removed by no-confidence)

    • Accountable through impeachment for serious crimes

    • Fixed term provides stability but also accountability at election time

  • Other options are less characteristic:

    • Constitution supremacy (present in many systems)

    • Powerful lower house (more parliamentary)

    • Powerful council to legislature (parliamentary feature)


20. Parliamentary form of government is run by

  1. Emperor

  2. Council of Minister

  3. President

  4. Dictator

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Answer: 2. Council of Minister

Explanation:

  • Parliamentary systems are run by Council of Ministers because:

    • Executive power vested in Council of Ministers

    • Headed by Prime Minister

    • Collectively responsible to legislature

    • Makes policy decisions and implements laws

    • Can be constitutional monarchies (king/emperor as ceremonial head) or republics (president as ceremonial head)

  • In Nepal: Council of Ministers headed by PM runs government, President is ceremonial.


21. Federal Legislature in Nepal is

  1. Unicameral

  2. Bicameral

  3. Multi cameral

  4. None

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Answer: 2. Bicameral

Explanation:

  • According to Article 83 of the Constitution:

    • Federal Parliament of Nepal is bicameral (two houses)

    • Consists of:

      1. House of Representatives (Lower House): 275 members

      2. National Assembly (Upper House): 59 members

    • Different compositions and functions:

      • HoR: Directly elected, main legislative power

      • NA: Partly elected, partly nominated, revisionary role


22. The system of government in which there is only one level of government is known as

  1. Unitary government

  2. Federal

  3. Both a&b

  4. Neither a nor b

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Answer: 1. Unitary government

Explanation:

  • Unitary government: Single central government with all power

    • May have local administrations but they derive authority from center

    • Examples: UK, France, Japan (before Nepal was unitary until 2015)

  • Federal government: Multiple levels with constitutional division of power

    • Central and regional governments both have original authority

    • Examples: USA, India, Germany, Nepal (since 2015)

  • Unitary = one level; Federal = multiple levels.


23. What are the main objectives of a federal system?

  1. To safeguard and promote unity of the country

  2. To accommodate regional diversity

  3. Both a&b

  4. Neither a nor b

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Answer: 3. Both a&b

Explanation:

  • Federal systems aim to achieve BOTH objectives:

    1. Safeguard and promote unity:

      • Maintain territorial integrity

      • Ensure common defense and foreign policy

      • Protect national interests

    2. Accommodate regional diversity:

      • Recognize different ethnic, linguistic, cultural groups

      • Allow regional autonomy in certain matters

      • Address regional disparities and aspirations

  • This dual objective is the essence of federalism: "unity in diversity."


24. Which one is not the demerit of Parliamentary Governance System?

  1. Political instability is more as compared to presidential system

  2. Head of the Government and Council of Minister are accountable to the parliament

  3. Government with majority in legislature parliament violates the principle of separation of power

  4. Legislature becomes engaged in government making business which constrains its business of law making

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Answer: 2. Head of the Government and Council of Minister are accountable to the parliament

Explanation:

  • Option 2 is actually a MERIT/FEATURE, not a demerit.

  • Accountability to parliament is the defining feature and key strength of parliamentary systems.

  • Actual demerits include:

    • Political instability (coalition governments, no-confidence)

    • Violation of separation of power (fusion of executive-legislature)

    • Legislature distracted by government-making

    • Dominant executive when majority is strong


25. Match List I and List II and select the correct answer:

List I (a) Presidential system (b) Unitary system (c) Parliamentary system (d) Federal system

List II

  1. Close relationship between the executive and the Legislature

  2. Separation of power

  3. Division of power

  4. Centralization of power

  5. a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3

  6. a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4

  7. a-4, b-2, c-3, d-1

  8. a-1, b-3, c-4, d-2

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Answer: 1. a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3

Explanation:

  • a-2: Presidential system → Separation of power

  • b-4: Unitary system → Centralization of power

  • c-1: Parliamentary system → Close relationship between executive and legislature

  • d-3: Federal system → Division of power

  • This matching correctly identifies the core characteristic of each system.


26. In which article of the Constitution of Nepal has three levels of structures of state been provisioned?

  1. Articles -55

  2. Article -56

  3. Article -57

  4. Articles-58

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Answer: 2. Article -56

Explanation:

  • Article 56: Structure of State explicitly establishes three levels:

    • Clause (1): "Nepal shall have following three levels of state structure: (a) Federal level (b) State (Provincial) level (c) Local level"

  • Article 55 mentions "Formation of State"

  • Article 57 deals with "Powers of Federal level"

  • Article 58 deals with "Powers of State level"


27. Which part of our constitution envisages a three tier system of governance?

  1. 7

  2. 4

  3. 9

  4. 5

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Answer: 4. 5

Explanation:

  • Part 5 of the Constitution of Nepal is titled: "Structure of State and Distribution of State Power"

  • Contains Articles 56-77 which establish:

    • Three-tier structure (Article 56)

    • Powers of federal, provincial, local levels

    • Relations between different levels

    • Legislative procedures

  • Other parts:

    • Part 7: Federal Legislature

    • Part 4: Directive Principles, Policies and Responsibilities of the State

    • Part 9: Judiciary


28. How many national level political parties are there in Nepal at present?

  1. 5

  2. 4

  3. 6

  4. 7

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Answer: 4. 7

Explanation:

  • As of current information (2024), there are 7 national level political parties in Nepal:

    1. Nepali Congress (NC)

    2. Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) - CPN-UML

    3. Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) - CPN-MC

    4. Rashtriya Swatantra Party (RSP)

    5. Rashtriya Prajatantra Party (RPP)

    6. Janata Samajwadi Party (JSP)

    7. Nagrik Unmukti Party (NUP)

  • Recognition as national party requires meeting Election Commission criteria including vote percentage and geographic representation.


29. As per the Constitution of Nepal which of the following bill is submitted only in the House of Representatives of Nepal

  1. Money Bill

  2. Bill relating to power of State Government

  3. Administrative Bill

  4. Bill relating to State Structure

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Answer: 1. Money Bill

Explanation:

  • According to Article 110 of the Constitution:

    • Money Bills can only originate in House of Representatives

    • Definition of Money Bill (Article 110(2)):

      • Imposition, collection, abolition, remission of taxes

      • Government borrowing or guarantees

      • Custody of Consolidated Fund, contingency funds

      • Appropriation of funds from Consolidated Fund

      • Matters listed in the Federal Legislative List relating to monetary/fiscal policies

    • National Assembly can only recommend amendments within 15 days.


30. If the President wants to resign, he/she shall address his letter of resignation to

  1. Chief Justice of Nepal

  2. Prime Minister of Nepal

  3. Vice-President of Nepal

  4. Speaker of lower house

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Answer: 3. Vice-President of Nepal

Explanation:

  • According to Article 70(8) of the Constitution:

    • "The President may, by writing under his/her hand addressed to the Vice-President, resign his/her office."

  • Process:

    • President submits resignation to Vice-President

    • Vice-President assumes office as Acting President

    • Election for new President must be held within 6 months

  • This ensures continuity of the office without vacuum.


31. How many districts are there where one Representative is elected from each district?

  1. 26

  2. 30

  3. 35

  4. 41

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Answer: 3. 35

Explanation:

  • According to Schedule 1 of the Constitution and Election Commission data:

    • Total 165 members elected through First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) system

    • These are distributed across 165 constituencies

    • 35 districts have only 1 constituency each

    • Remaining districts have multiple constituencies based on population

  • The 35 single-constituency districts are mainly smaller, less populated districts.


32. According to the Constitution of Nepal, one should be years of age to become a candidate for the President of Nepal?

  1. 25

  2. 35

  3. 45

  4. 50

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Answer: 3. 45

Explanation:

  • According to Article 70(2) of the Constitution:

    • Qualification for President includes:

      • "having completed the age of forty-five years"

    • Other qualifications:

      • Qualified to be member of Federal Parliament

      • Not disqualified by any law

      • Not holding any office of profit


33. What is the minimum age laid down for a candidate to seek election to the House of Representative?

  1. 18

  2. 25

  3. 21

  4. 35

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Answer: 2. 25

Explanation:

  • According to Article 87 of the Constitution:

    • Qualification for House of Representatives member:

      • "having completed the age of twenty-five years"

    • Other qualifications:

      • Must be citizen of Nepal

      • Must be voter listed in electoral roll

      • Not disqualified by federal law

  • For National Assembly: Minimum age 35 years (Article 86).


34. How many members are there in House of Representative in Nepal?

  1. 110

  2. 165

  3. 275

  4. 630

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Answer: 3. 275

Explanation:

  • According to Article 84 of the Constitution:

    • House of Representatives has 275 members

    • Elected through mixed electoral system:

      • 165 members: First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) from constituencies

      • 110 members: Proportional Representation (PR) system

    • Term: 5 years (unless dissolved earlier)

    • Represents population proportionally


35. According to the Constitution of Nepal, what is the provision of minimum age criteria to be of the National Assembly at the time of nomination?

  1. 55

  2. 45

  3. 35

  4. 25

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Answer: 3. 35

Explanation:

  • According to Article 86 of the Constitution:

    • Qualification for National Assembly member:

      • "having completed the age of thirty-five years"

    • Other qualifications:

      • Must be citizen of Nepal

      • Not holding any office of profit

      • Not disqualified by federal law

  • Higher age than HoR (25) reflects more experienced membership.


36. How many members are there in the National Assembly in Nepal?

  1. 56

  2. 59

  3. 110

  4. 175

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Answer: 2. 59

Explanation:

  • According to Article 86 of the Constitution:

    • National Assembly has 59 members

    • Composition:

      • 56 elected members (8 from each of 7 provinces through Electoral College)

      • 3 members nominated by President on recommendation of Government

    • Election method: Single Transferable Vote system

    • Term: 6 years (staggered: 1/3 retire every 2 years)


37. How many members are nominated to the National Assembly by the President?

  1. 8

  2. 5

  3. 3

  4. 7

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Answer: 3. 3

Explanation:

  • According to Article 86(2) of the Constitution:

    • "Three members, including at least one woman, shall be nominated by the President on recommendation of the Government of Nepal."

    • These are distinguished persons in various fields

    • Purpose: Include expertise not represented through elections

    • Same term as elected members (6 years)


38. The term of office of one third of the members of the National Assembly expire in

  1. Every two years

  2. Every year

  3. Every five years

  4. Every three years

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Answer: 1. Every two years

Explanation:

  • According to Article 86(5) of the Constitution:

    • "The term of office of the members of the National Assembly shall be six years. The term of office of one-third of the members of the National Assembly shall expire in every two years."

  • This staggered system ensures:

    • Continuity in the Upper House

    • Institutional memory preserved

    • Prevents complete change at once

    • Similar to US Senate (1/3 every 2 years)


39. According to present Constitution of Nepal, what percentage of total members of state Assembly to be elected through the first-past-the-post electoral system?

  1. 40%

  2. 50%

  3. 70%

  4. 60%

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Answer: 4. 60%

Explanation:

  • According to Article 176 of the Constitution:

    • Provincial Assembly members elected through mixed system:

      • 60% through First-Past-The-Post (FPTP)

      • 40% through Proportional Representation (PR)

    • Example: If Province has 100 members:

      • 60 elected from constituencies (FPTP)

      • 40 elected from party lists (PR)

    • Ensures both geographic and proportional representation.


40. What is the term of a Member of the Provincial assembly?

  1. Three years

  2. Four years

  3. Five years

  4. Six years

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Answer: 3. Five years

Explanation:

  • According to Article 176(4) of the Constitution:

    • "Unless dissolved earlier, the term of a Provincial Assembly shall be five years."

    • Same as Federal Parliament's House of Representatives

    • Can be dissolved earlier in certain circumstances

    • Elections held simultaneously with federal elections ideally


41. How many members are there in the Provincial Assembly in Nepal?

  1. 275

  2. 550

  3. 330

  4. 240

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Answer: 2. 550

Explanation:

  • Total Provincial Assembly members across all 7 provinces: 550

  • Distribution among provinces (according to population):

    1. Province 1: 93 members

    2. Province 2: 107 members

    3. Bagmati: 110 members

    4. Gandaki: 60 members

    5. Lumbini: 87 members

    6. Karnali: 40 members

    7. Sudurpaschim: 53 members

  • Total: 550 members (330 FPTP + 220 PR based on 60:40 ratio)


42. Council of ministers in provinces should not be more than of total members of the provincial parliament.

  1. 40%

  2. 25%

  3. 10%

  4. 20%

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Answer: 4. 20%

Explanation:

  • According to Article 168(5) of the Constitution:

    • "The number of Ministers in the Province Council of Ministers shall not exceed twenty percent of the total number of members of the Provincial Assembly."

    • Purpose: Prevent oversized cabinets, reduce government expenditure

    • Example: If Provincial Assembly has 100 members, max ministers = 20

    • Includes Chief Minister and other Ministers


43. shall appoint one Chief of Province for each province.

  1. The Prime Minister

  2. The President

  3. Chief Minister

  4. Council of Minister

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Answer: 2. The President

Explanation:

  • According to Article 163 of the Constitution:

    • "There shall be a Chief of Province as the representative of the Government of Nepal in each Province."

    • "The Chief of Province shall be appointed by the President on recommendation of the Government of Nepal."

    • Functions: Ceremonial head of province, appoints Chief Minister, summons/prorogues Provincial Assembly

    • Similar to Governor in Indian states


44. According to constitution of Nepal, there will be member judicial committee formed at local level in the Coordination of Vice - Chair/Deputy Mayor.

  1. 7

  2. 5

  3. 4

  4. 3

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Answer: 4. 3

Explanation:

  • According to Article 215 of the Constitution:

    • "A three-member judicial committee shall be formed under the coordination of Vice-Chairperson or Deputy Mayor at the local level."

    • Composition: Vice-chair/deputy mayor + two members elected from local assembly

    • Functions: Minor dispute resolution, reconciliation, recommendation for local laws

    • Part of local judicial system complementing formal courts


45. How many assemblies are there under the local level?

  1. 3

  2. 4

  3. 5

  4. 2

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Answer: 1. 3

Explanation:

  • According to Local Government Operation Act and Constitution:

    • Three types of local level assemblies:

      1. Municipal Assembly (in municipalities)

      2. Rural Municipal Assembly (in rural municipalities)

      3. District Assembly (coordination at district level)

    • Each has elected representatives

    • Functions: Local legislation, planning, development, service delivery


46. Who of the following is not included in the Inter Province Commission which works for the solution of Generated Political Controversy between federation-provinces, province-province?

  1. Prime minister

  2. Chief Justice

  3. Chief Minister

  4. Finance Minister

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Answer: 2. Chief Justice

Explanation:

  • According to Article 232 of the Constitution:

    • Inter-Provincial Council composition:

      • Prime Minister (Chairperson)

      • Minister for Internal Affairs

      • Minister for Finance

      • Chief Ministers of all Provinces

    • Chief Justice is NOT a member

    • Purpose: Coordinate between federal and provincial governments, resolve disputes

    • Judiciary remains separate from this political coordination mechanism


47. How many parts were there in "Nepal Gazette"?

  1. 10

  2. 9

  3. 6

  4. 5

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Answer: 3. 6

Explanation:

  • Nepal Gazette (नेपाल राजपत्र) is the official government publication

  • Traditionally divided into 6 parts:

    1. Part 1: Acts, regulations, notices of constitutional importance

    2. Part 2: Government notifications, appointments, transfers

    3. Part 3: Government contracts, tenders

    4. Part 4: Public notices, private legal notices

    5. Part 5: Supplementary issues

    6. Extraordinary Gazette: Urgent matters

  • Published by Department of Printing under Ministry of Communications


48. The Constitution of Nepal defines the relationship among the federation, province, and local levels based on the principle of

  1. Cooperation

  2. Coexistence

  3. Coordination

  4. All of above

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Answer: 4. All of above

Explanation:

  • According to Article 232(2) of the Constitution:

    • "The Inter-Provincial Council shall make coordination between the Federation and the Provinces, and between the Provinces, for the settlement of political disputes, and maintain cooperation and coexistence between them."

  • Key principles governing inter-governmental relations:

    • Cooperation: Working together on common issues

    • Coexistence: Respecting each other's autonomy

    • Coordination: Aligning policies and actions

    • Also includes subsidiarity (decisions at appropriate level)


49. How many constitution bodies have been provisioned in the current Constitution of Nepal?

  1. 9

  2. 11

  3. 14

  4. 13

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Answer: 4. 13

Explanation:

  • The Constitution of Nepal 2072 BS establishes 13 constitutional bodies:

    1. Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA)

    2. Auditor General

    3. Public Service Commission

    4. Election Commission

    5. National Human Rights Commission

    6. National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission

    7. National Women Commission

    8. National Dalit Commission

    9. National Inclusion Commission

    10. Indigenous Nationalities Commission

    11. Madhesi Commission

    12. Tharu Commission

    13. Muslim Commission

  • Listed in Part 24 of the Constitution (Articles 238-249).


50. Who appoints the chairperson and members of the Public Service Commission?

  1. By president, upon the recommendation of the Constitutional Council

  2. By president, upon the recommendation of the Government of Nepal

  3. By president, upon the recommendation of the prime minister

  4. By president, upon the recommendation of the Chief justice

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Answer: 1. By president, upon the recommendation of the Constitutional Council

Explanation:

  • According to Article 242 of the Constitution:

    • "The President shall, on recommendation of the Constitutional Council, appoint the Chairperson and other members of the Public Service Commission."

  • Constitutional Council (Article 284):

    • Prime Minister (Chair)

    • Chief Justice

    • Speaker of HoR

    • Chairperson of National Assembly

    • Leader of Opposition in HoR

    • Deputy Speaker (member)

  • Ensures bipartisan appointment process.


51. All the following includes constitutional bodies except;

  1. Auditor general

  2. Office of the comptroller general

  3. Commission for the Investigation of abuse of authority

  4. Public Service Commission

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Answer: 2. Office of the comptroller general

Explanation:

  • Office of the Comptroller General is NOT a constitutional body.

  • It is established under Financial Procedures Act, not Constitution.

  • Constitutional bodies (established by Constitution Article 238-249):

    • Auditor General (Article 240)

    • CIAA (Article 238)

    • Public Service Commission (Article 242)

    • Election Commission (Article 245), etc.

  • Comptroller General: Responsible for government accounting, auditing of expenditures.


52. How many election commissioners should be in Election Commission apart from Chief Commissioner?

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Three

  4. Four

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Answer: 4. Four

Explanation:

  • According to Article 245 of the Constitution:

    • "There shall be an Election Commission of Nepal consisting of a Chief Commissioner and four other Commissioners."

    • Total: 5 members (1 Chief + 4 Commissioners)

    • Appointed by President on recommendation of Constitutional Council

    • Term: 6 years from appointment or age 65, whichever earlier

    • Functions: Conduct elections, register parties, delimit constituencies


53. How many chairperson and members are there in National Human Right Commission?

  1. Chairperson and 3 other members

  2. Chairperson and 4 other members

  3. Chairperson and 5 other members

  4. Chairperson and 6 other members

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Answer: 2. Chairperson and 4 other members

Explanation:

  • According to Article 248 of the Constitution:

    • "There shall be a National Human Rights Commission of Nepal consisting of a Chairperson and four other members."

    • Total: 5 members (1 Chair + 4 members)

    • Appointment: By President on Constitutional Council recommendation

    • Qualifications: Persons with high moral character and contribution to human rights

    • Functions: Protect and promote human rights, investigate violations


54. Who Chairs the National Security Council of Nepal?

  1. Prime minister

  2. Defense minister

  3. President

  4. Home minister

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Answer: 1. Prime minister

Explanation:

  • According to National Security Council Act and constitutional practice:

    • Prime Minister chairs the National Security Council

    • Composition typically includes:

      • Prime Minister (Chair)

      • Defense Minister

      • Home Minister

      • Foreign Minister

      • Finance Minister

      • Chief of Army Staff

      • Other security chiefs

    • Functions: Advise government on national security matters, coordinate security agencies


55. Who Chairs the Constitutional Council of Nepal?

  1. Prime minister

  2. Speaker of HoR

  3. President

  4. Chief Justice

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Answer: 1. Prime minister

Explanation:

  • According to Article 284 of the Constitution:

    • "There shall be a Constitutional Council for making recommendation for appointment of the officials of the Constitutional Bodies, which shall consist of the following as the Chairperson and members: (a) The Prime Minister - Chairperson (b) The Chief Justice - Member (c) The Speaker of the House of Representatives - Member (d) The Chairperson of the National Assembly - Member (e) The Leader of Opposition in the House of Representatives - Member (f) The Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives - Member"

  • Prime Minister's chairmanship ensures executive input in appointments.


56. What is the term of office of the chairperson of Public Service Commission?

  1. Five year

  2. Six years

  3. Seven years

  4. Four years

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Answer: 2. Six years

Explanation:

  • According to Article 242(4) of the Constitution:

    • "The term of office of the Chairperson and members of the Public Service Commission shall be six years from the date of appointment."

    • Age limit: Cannot continue after attaining 65 years

    • Not eligible for reappointment in same position

    • Can be removed only through constitutional process (impeachment)

  • Same 6-year term applies to most constitutional body heads.


57. For the appointment of which position parliamentary hearing process is not required?

  1. Justice of Supreme Court

  2. Vice Chairman of National Planning Commission

  3. Nepalese Ambassador

  4. Auditor General

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Answer: 2. Vice Chairman of National Planning Commission

Explanation:

  • According to Article 292 of the Constitution:

    • Parliamentary hearing required for:

      • Chief Justice and Justices of Supreme Court

      • Chiefs and members of Constitutional Bodies

      • Ambassador (as per some interpretations)

      • Auditor General

    • NOT required for:

      • Vice Chairman of National Planning Commission (executive appointment)

      • Other government officials below constitutional level

      • Military appointments

  • National Planning Commission is under Prime Minister's Office.


58. Public Service Commission established for the first time in Nepal

  1. 2008, Ashadh 01

  2. 2007, Jetha 15

  3. 2013, Bhadra22

  4. 2023, Kartik 10

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Answer: 1. 2008, Ashadh 01

Explanation:

  • Public Service Commission was first established on Ashadh 1, 2008 BS (June 15, 1951 AD)

  • Established under Public Service Commission Act 2008 BS

  • First Chairman: Sardar Nagendra Man Singh Pradhan

  • Original mandate: Conduct examinations for civil service

  • Evolved over time with constitutional status in 2019, 2047, and 2072 BS constitutions


59. Who was the first chairperson of Public Service Commission of Nepal?

  1. Sardar Nagendra Man Singh Pradhan

  2. Anirudra Prasad Singh

  3. Damber Bahadur Singh

  4. Prof. Yadunath Khanal

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Answer: 1. Sardar Nagendra Man Singh Pradhan

Explanation:

  • Sardar Nagendra Man Singh Pradhan was the first Chairman of Public Service Commission

  • Appointed when PSC was established in 2008 BS (1951 AD)

  • Served from 2008-2016 BS

  • Was a prominent civil servant and administrator

  • Played key role in establishing merit-based civil service system


60. To whom does the National Security Council submit its annual report?

  1. Prime Minister

  2. President through Prime Minister

  3. President

  4. None of these

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Answer: 3. President

Explanation:

  • According to National Security Council Act:

    • National Security Council submits its annual report to the President

    • President then submits it to the Federal Parliament

    • This ensures accountability to both executive and legislature

    • Report includes:

      • Assessment of national security situation

      • Recommendations for security policies

      • Activities and decisions of the Council


61. Election Commission is a/an,

  1. Legal body

  2. Constitutional body

  3. Executive committee

  4. Informal body

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Answer: 2. Constitutional body

Explanation:

  • Election Commission is a constitutional body established by:

    • Article 245 of the Constitution of Nepal 2072 BS

    • Part 24: Constitutional Bodies

  • Characteristics of constitutional bodies:

    • Established directly by Constitution

    • Independent status

    • Specific constitutional functions

    • Appointment through Constitutional Council

    • Protected tenure

  • Other constitutional bodies: CIAA, PSC, Auditor General, Human Rights Commission, etc.


62. The declaration of constitutional emergency in Nepalese State has to be approved by the Parliament within a period of

  1. One month

  2. Four months

  3. Six months

  4. Twelve months

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Answer: 1. One month

Explanation:

  • According to Article 273 of the Constitution:

    • "A proclamation or order issued under clause (1) shall be laid before the Federal Parliament for approval within one month from the date of issuance."

    • If Parliament approves: Emergency continues as specified

    • If Parliament rejects: Emergency ceases immediately

    • If Parliament not in session: Must be summoned within 15 days

  • This check prevents abuse of emergency powers.


63. According to constitution of Nepal, the president appoints the Attorney General of Nepal on the recommendation of

  1. Government of Nepal

  2. Chief justice

  3. Prime Minister

  4. Council of ministers

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Answer: 3. Prime Minister

Explanation:

  • According to Article 76(9) of the Constitution:

    • "The President shall, on recommendation of the Prime Minister, appoint the Attorney General."

    • Attorney General is chief legal advisor to Government of Nepal

    • Must be qualified to be Supreme Court justice

    • Holds office during pleasure of Prime Minister (no fixed term)

    • Right to participate in parliamentary proceedings

    • Can be removed by Prime Minister's recommendation


64. In the context of Nepal, which one of the following statement is not true?

  1. There is a Governor as the executive head of the province

  2. The president appoints the prime Minister

  3. The prime Minister is responsible to the parliament

  4. Should not be less than 25 years of age for the member of House of Representatives

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Answer: 2. The president appoints the prime Minister

Explanation:

  • Statement 2 is NOT TRUE in Nepal's context:

    • Prime Minister is NOT appointed by President in normal circumstances

    • According to Article 76(2): PM is elected by House of Representatives

    • Process: Party/coalition with majority elects leader who becomes PM

    • President only formally appoints after HoR election

    • In case of no majority: President may appoint but must get confidence vote

  • Other statements are TRUE:

    • Statement 1: Chief of Province (like Governor) exists

    • Statement 3: PM responsible to Parliament (Article 76)

    • Statement 4: Minimum age for HoR is 25 (Article 87)


65. Following positions are there in Nepal's protocol. Choose the correct order of precedence

I. Asst. Cabinet Minister of Government of Nepal II. Judge of Supreme Court III. Chairperson of PSC IV. Chief Secretary

  1. II, I, III, IV

  2. I, II, III, IV

  3. IV, II, III, I

  4. III, I, IV, II

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Answer: 1. II, I, III, IV

Explanation:

  • Based on Nepal's Order of Precedence (प्रोटोकल क्रम):

    1. Judge of Supreme Court (II) - Higher constitutional position

    2. Assistant Cabinet Minister (I) - Ministerial rank

    3. Chairperson of PSC (III) - Constitutional body head

    4. Chief Secretary (IV) - Highest civil servant

  • General order: Constitutional positions > Ministers > Constitutional body heads > Senior bureaucrats

  • Supreme Court judges rank higher than ministers in protocol.


66. What is the Ranking of speaker of House of Representatives of Nepal in the official protocol of Nepal (order of precedence)?

  1. 3rd

  2. 4th

  3. 5th

  4. 6th

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Answer: 3. 5th

Explanation:

  • Speaker of House of Representatives ranks 5th in Nepal's Order of Precedence:

    1. President

    2. Vice President

    3. Prime Minister

    4. Chief Justice

    5. Speaker of House of Representatives

    6. Chairperson of National Assembly

    7. Former Presidents

    8. Deputy Prime Ministers

    9. Ministers

  • Speaker's high rank reflects constitutional importance as presiding officer of lower house.


67. As per Protocol, who among the following ranks highest in the order of precedence?

  1. Deputy Prime Minister

  2. Former President

  3. Governor of a State within his province

  4. Speaker of HoR

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Answer: 4. Speaker of HoR

Explanation:

  • Comparing the options in Nepal's Order of Precedence:

    1. Speaker of HoR: Ranks 5th overall

    2. Former President: Ranks 7th

    3. Deputy Prime Minister: Ranks 8th

    4. Chief of Province (Governor): Ranks lower (around 10th-12th)

  • Therefore, Speaker of HoR ranks highest among these options.

  • The complete order shows Speaker above former President and Deputy PM.


68. When did the publication of Gazette begin in Nepal?

  1. 2009, Sharwan 19

  2. 2010, Jestha 15

  3. 2017, Baisakh 01

  4. 2008, Sharwan 22

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Answer: 4. 2008, Sharwan 22

Explanation:

  • Nepal Gazette (नेपाल राजपत्र) began publication on:

    • Sharwan 22, 2008 BS (August 6, 1951 AD)

  • First published by Department of Printing

  • Purpose: Official publication of government notices, laws, regulations

  • Legal basis: Nepal Gazette Act

  • Has continued uninterrupted since inception

  • Now published both in print and online versions