9. Transportation

9. Transportation

9.1 Highway Planning and Survey

• Modes of Transport

• History of Road Development in Nepal

• Classification of Roads

• Road Survey

• Highway Alignment and Controlling Factors

• Evaluating Alternate Alignments

• Road Standards of Nepal

9.2 Geometric Design of Highway

• Basic Design Control and Criteria

• Elements of Highway Cross-section

• Highway Curves, Super Elevation

• Average and Ruling Gradients

• Stopping Sight Distance

• Design Considerations for: Horizontal and Vertical Alignments, Extra Widening, Set Back Distance

• Design of Road Drainage Structures

• Design Considerations for Hill Roads

9.3 Highway Materials

• Types of Aggregates and Tests: Gradation, Strength, Durability

• Binding Materials and Their Tests

• Design of Asphalt Mixes

• Evaluation of Subgrade Soil

9.4 Traffic Engineering and Safety

• Impact of Human and Vehicular Characteristics on Traffic Planning

• Traffic Operations and Regulations

• Traffic Control Devices

• Traffic Studies: Volume, Speed, O&D, Traffic Capacity, Traffic Flow Characteristics, Parking, Accident, Flow

• Road Intersections: Types, Configurations, Design

• Traffic Lights

• Factors Influencing Night Visibility

• Road Safety Measures

9.5 Road Pavement

• Different Types of Pavement

• Design Methods for Flexible and Rigid Pavements: DOR Guidelines

• Loads and Other Factors Controlling Pavement Design

• Stress Due to Load, Temperature

9.6 Road Construction & Maintenance

• Activities, Techniques, Tools, Equipment and Plants Used in Road Construction

• Preparation of Road Subgrade

• Field Compaction Control and Soil Stabilization

• Construction of Asphalt Concrete Layers

• Construction Procedure for: Penetration Macadam, Bituminous Bound Macadam, Plain Cement Concrete Pavements

• Road Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation