8. Hydropower

8. Hydropower

8.1 Planning of Hydropower Projects

• Power Potential: Gross, Technical, Economic (Nepal and World)

• Stages of Hydropower Development

• Hydropower Development in Nepal: History, Policy, Acts & Regulation

8.2 Power and Energy Potential Study

• Power and Energy Potentials

• Methods of Fixing Installed Capacity

• Types of Hydropower Plants on Various Basis

• Components of Different Types of Hydropower Projects

• Reservoirs and Their Regulation

8.3 Headworks of Storage Plants

• Components of a Typical Storage Plant

• Dams: Types, Functions, Selection, Design, Failure Modes and Remedies

• Stability Analysis of Gravity Dam

• Seepage Control and Foundation Treatment in Dams

• Design of Intake, Spillway and Energy Dissipaters

• Gates: Types and Locations

8.4 Headworks of Run-of-River (ROR) Plants

• Components of a Typical ROR Plant

• Design of Intake

• Methods of Bed and Suspended Load Handling

• Design of Settling Basin: Practice and Concentration Approach

• Estimation of Sediment Volume in Settling Basin

• Flushing of Deposited Sediment, Estimation of Flushing Frequency

8.5 Water Conveyance Structures

• Hydraulic Tunnels: Cross-sections, Hydraulic Design (Velocity and Sizing)

• Tunnel Lining

• Design of Forebay and Surge Tanks

• Design of Penstocks and Pressure Shaft

• Hydraulic Transients: Water Hammer

8.6 Hydro-electric Machines and Powerhouse

• Hydro-mechanical Equipment and Their Functions

• Types of Turbines and Performance Characteristics

• Selection of Turbine and Their Specific Speed

• Preliminary Design of Francis and Pelton Turbines

• Scroll Case and Draft Tubes

• Generators: Types, Rating; Governs

• Pumps and Their Performance Characteristics

• Powerhouse: Types, General Arrangements, Dimensions