1. Architectural Context in Nepal (AArc01)

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1. Architectural Context in Nepal (AArc01)

1.1 Architecture of Nepal during the Licchavi, Malla, Shah, and Rana Periods (AArc0101) Materials, technology, and elements of Nepalese architecture during these periods. Traditional building materials (brick, stone, timber, metal) – types and applications. Traditional timber construction: doors, windows, posts, beams, roofs, and carving.

1.2 Traditional Nepalese Architectural Typologies (AArc0102) Residential; Religious (Tiered Temples, Shikhara Temples, Stupas and Chaityas, Dyo Chen, Maths); Bahals, Bahils, Palaces; Urban Architecture (Patis, Dabalis, Lachi, Nani, chowks, dhunge dharas, Mandaps, Sattals) – geometrical forms, elemental details, materials, scale, proportion, and use.

1.3 Vernacular Architecture of Different Physiographic Regions of Nepal (AArc0103) General architectural typologies. Functional, technological, and aesthetic dimensions of ethnic houses in Nepal.

1.4 Nepalese World Heritage Sites and Their Conservation (AArc0104) Criteria and nomination procedures for UNESCO listing. General byelaws and building control norms. Conservation materials, techniques, and protection measures (traditional and modern). International principles, philosophy, and process of conservation: inventory, inspection, documentation, degrees of intervention.

1.5 Prevailing Zoning Ordinances and Building Regulations (AArc0105) FAR, ground coverage, setbacks, ROW, light plane, prevailing area measurement systems and units.

1.6 Nepalese Building Typologies, Concepts of Ownership, Legal Rights, and Tenure (AArc0106) Residential, apartment, group housing, commercial, mixed-use, institutional, industrial.

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