3. Fluid Mechanics and Machines

3. Fluid Mechanics and Machines

3.1 Fluid Properties and Statics

• Fluid vs solid

• Continuum and no-slip condition

• Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches

• Control volume

• Viscosity and fluid types

• Surface tension

• Pressure measurement

• Force on plane surfaces

3.2 Kinematics of Fluid Flow

• Types of flow

• Steady and uniform flow

• Compressible and rotational flow

• Laminar and turbulent flow

• Reynolds number

• Stream and potential functions

• Vorticity and circulation

3.3 Fluid Flow Equations

• Continuity equation

• Euler equation

• Bernoulli’s equation and applications

• Momentum equation

• Dimensional analysis and similitude

3.4 Laminar and Turbulent Flow

• Laminar flow in pipes and plates

• Major and minor losses

• Boundary layer theory

• Flow separation

3.5 Turbines

• Classification and working principles

• Components and functions

• Governors

• Cavitation

• Performance curves

• Draft tube

3.6 Pumps

• Classification and working principles

• Components and functions

• Priming

• Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)

• Performance curves