set-6

251. What is ZUI in Computer Graphics?

1. A Widget

2. Logical Enhancement of GUI

3. An application that saves memory

4. None of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Logical Enhancement of GUI.

Explanation:

• ZUI (Zoomable User Interface) is a logical enhancement of GUI.

• It allows users to zoom in and out of the interface, providing a dynamic and interactive experience.

252. In Bresenham’s Algorithm, While Generating a Circle, It is Easy to Generate?

1. One octant first and other by successive reflection

2. One octant first and other by successive rotation

3. One octant first and other by successive translation

4. All octants

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. One octant first and other by successive reflection.

Explanation:

• Bresenham’s circle drawing algorithm generates one octant of the circle and then uses symmetry (reflection) to generate the remaining octants.

• This reduces computational complexity by avoiding redundant calculations.

253. Why Does a Circle Drawn on the Screen Appear to Be Elliptical?

1. It is due to the aspect ratio of monitor

2. Screen has rectangular shape

3. Our eyes are not at the same level on screen

4. CRT is completely spherical

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. It is due to the aspect ratio of monitor.

Explanation:

• The aspect ratio of a monitor (e.g., 16:9 or 4:3) causes a circle to appear elliptical.

• Mathematically, if the scaling factors in the x and y directions are unequal, the circle equation $x^2 + y^2 = r^2$ becomes an ellipse: $\frac{x^2}{a^2} + \frac{y^2}{b^2} = 1$, where $a \neq b$.

254. In Bresenham’s Algorithm, Error Term is Initialized to?

1. 0

2. 1

3. -1/2

4. None of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. 0.

Explanation:

• In Bresenham’s algorithm, the error term is initialized to 0.

• The error term is used to decide the next pixel to plot while drawing lines or circles.

255. Which of the Following Technique is Used in Midpoint Subdivision Algorithm?

1. Linear search

2. Heap sort

3. Binary search

4. Bubble sort

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Binary search.

Explanation:

• The Midpoint Subdivision algorithm uses binary search to efficiently subdivide and clip lines or polygons.

256. Which of the Following Clipping Algorithm Follows the Divide and Conquer Strategy?

1. 4-bit algorithm

2. Cyrus break algorithm

3. Midpoint algorithm

4. Cohen-Sutherland algorithm

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Midpoint algorithm.

Explanation:

• The Midpoint algorithm follows the Divide and Conquer strategy by recursively subdividing the problem into smaller parts.

257. A Line with Endpoints Codes as 0000 and 0100 is?

1. Partially invisible

2. Completely invisible

3. Completely visible

4. Trivially invisible

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Partially invisible.

Explanation:

• A line with endpoint codes 0000 and 0100 is partially invisible because one endpoint is inside the clipping window (0000) and the other is outside (0100).

258. Choose the Correct Statement?

1. Random scan monitors draw a picture one line at a time

2. The components line of a random scan picture must be refreshed in a particular order

3. Raster scan monitors draw a picture one line at a time

4. Random scan method is well suited for displaying shading and color areas

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Random scan monitors draw a picture one line at a time.

Explanation:

• Random scan monitors draw images one line at a time, making them suitable for vector graphics.

259. Hue of Color is Related to?

1. Luminance

2. Incandescence

3. Saturation

4. Wavelength

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Wavelength.

Explanation:

• The hue of color is related to the wavelength of light.

• For example, red has a longer wavelength, while violet has a shorter wavelength.

260. The Phenomenon of Having a Continuous Glow of a Beam on the Screen Even After It is Removed is Called as?

1. Fluorescence

2. Phosphorescence

3. Persistence

4. Incandescence

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Phosphorescence.

Explanation:

• Phosphorescence is the phenomenon where a material continues to glow after the excitation source is removed.

261. The Line $2x - y + 4 = 0$, If Clipped Against This Window, Will Connect the Points?

1. (0, 1) and (3, 3)

2. (1, 2) and (4, 2)

3. (0, 1) and (2, 3)

4. None of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. None of above.

Explanation:

• The line $2x - y + 4 = 0$ does not pass through the given points when clipped against the window.

262. Reflection of a Point About x-axis, Followed by a Counter-Clockwise Rotation of $90^\circ$, is Equivalent to Reflection About the Line?

1. $x = -y$

2. $y = -x$

3. $x = y$

4. $x + y = 1$

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. $x = y$.

Explanation:

• Reflection about the x-axis followed by a $90^\circ$ counter-clockwise rotation is equivalent to reflection about the line $x = y$.

263. The Best Hidden Surface Removal Method Used for Complex Scenes with More Than a Few Thousand Surfaces is?

1. Depth sorting method

2. Octree method

3. Depth buffer algorithm

4. Both B and C

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Both B and C.

Explanation:

• For complex scenes, both the Octree method and the Depth Buffer algorithm are effective for hidden surface removal.

264. The Point at Which a Set of Projected Parallel Lines Appear to Converge is Called as a?

1. Convergence point

2. Point of illusion

3. Vanishing point

4. Point of delusion

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Vanishing point.

Explanation:

• The vanishing point is where parallel lines appear to converge in a perspective projection.

265. The Basic Element of a Picture in Volume Graphics is?

1. Pixel

2. Volsel

3. Voxel

4. None of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Voxel.

Explanation:

• A voxel (volume pixel) is the basic element in volume graphics, representing a value in 3D space.

266. Let R be the Radius of a Circle. The Angle Subtended by an Arc of Length R at the Center of the Circle is?

1. 1 degree

2. 45 degree

3. 1 radian

4. Impossible to determine

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. 1 radian.

Explanation:

• The angle subtended by an arc of length R at the center of a circle is 1 radian, as per the definition of radians.

267. A Bilinear Transformation Can Be Simulated by the Transformation?

1. Transformation, rotation and stretching

2. Translation and rotation

3. Rotation, stretching and inversion

4. Rotation, stretching, inversion and translation

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Rotation, stretching, inversion and translation.

Explanation:

• A bilinear transformation can be simulated using rotation, stretching, inversion, and translation.

268. A Circle, If Scaled Only in One Direction, Becomes a?

1. Parabola

2. Ellipse

3. Hyperbola

4. Remains a circle

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Ellipse.

Explanation:

• Scaling a circle in one direction transforms it into an ellipse.

269. When Several Types of Output Devices Are Available in Graphics Installation, It is Convenient to Use?

1. Bundled attributes

2. Inquiry attributes

3. Unbundles attributes

4. All of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Bundled attributes.

Explanation:

• Bundled attributes simplify the management of multiple output devices in a graphics installation.

270. The Parametric Equations $x = at^2$ and $y = 2at$ Represent?

1. Circle

2. Parabola

3. Rectangular hyperbola

4. Ellipse

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Parabola.

Explanation:

• The parametric equations $x = at^2$ and $y = 2at$ represent a parabola.

271. In Displaying a Clipped Picture, the Efficient Method is?

1. Clipping against the window and then applying the window transformation

2. Applying window transformation and then clipping against the viewport

3. Both A and B have the same efficiency

4. Efficiency depends on whether the window is an aligned rectangle or not

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Efficiency depends on whether the window is an aligned rectangle or not.

Explanation:

• The efficiency of displaying a clipped picture depends on the alignment of the window.

272. The Anti-Aliasing Technique Which Allows Shift of 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 of a Pixel Diameter Enabling a Closer Path of a Line is?

1. Pixel phasing

2. Intensity compensation

3. Filtering

4. Sampling technique

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Pixel phasing.

Explanation:

• Pixel phasing allows shifts of 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 of a pixel diameter to reduce aliasing effects.

273. All the Hidden Surface Algorithms Employ Image Space Approach Except?

1. Back face removal

2. Scan line method

3. Depth buffer method

4. Depth sort method

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Back face removal.

Explanation:

• Back face removal uses object-space methods, while others use image-space approaches.

274. The Major Components of CRT Are?

1. Electronic Gun

2. Control electrodes

3. Phosphorous coated screen

4. All of the above

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. All of the above.

Explanation:

• The major components of a CRT include the electronic gun, control electrodes, and phosphorous-coated screen.

275. ______ is Used to Regulate the Flow of Electrons in CRT?

1. Electronic Gun

2. Control electrode

3. Focusing electrode

4. All of the above

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Control electrode.

Explanation:

• The control electrode regulates the flow of electrons in a CRT.

276. The Glow Given Off by the Phosphor During Exposure of the Electron Beam is Known as?

1. Fluorescence

2. Persistence

3. Phosphorescence

4. All of the above

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Fluorescence.

Explanation:

• Fluorescence is the glow emitted by the phosphor during exposure to the electron beam.

277. Raster is a Synonym for the Term?

1. Array

2. Matrix

3. Model

4. All of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Matrix.

Explanation:

• Raster is synonymous with a matrix of pixels.

278. The ______ Simply Reads Each Successive Byte of Data from the Frame Buffer?

1. Digital Controller

2. Display Controller

3. Data Controller

4. All of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Display Controller.

Explanation:

• The display controller reads each successive byte of data from the frame buffer.

279. Reflection of a Point About x-axis, Followed by a Counter-Clockwise Rotation of $90^\circ$, is Equivalent to Reflection About the Line?

1. $x = -y$

2. $y = -x$

3. $x = y$

4. $x + y = 1$

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. $x = y$.

Explanation:

• Reflection about the x-axis followed by a $90^\circ$ counter-clockwise rotation is equivalent to reflection about the line $x = y$.

280. In the Raster Scan Method for Transformation, a $90^\circ$ Rotation Can Be Performed by?

1. Reversing the order of bits within each row in the frame buffer

2. By performing XOR on the frame buffer location

3. By copying each row of the block into a column in the new frame buffer location

4. None of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. By copying each row of the block into a column in the new frame buffer location.

Explanation:

• A $90^\circ$ rotation in raster scan can be achieved by copying rows into columns.

281. Which of the Following is an Odd Function?

1. $f(x) = x^2 - |x|$

2. $f(x) = \frac{x(a^x + 1)}{a^x - 1}$

3. $f(x) = \sin(x) + \cos(x)$

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. None of these.

Explanation:

• None of the given functions satisfy the condition for an odd function, $f(-x) = -f(x)$.

282. Oblique Projection with an Angle of $45^\circ$ to the Horizontal Plane is Called as?

1. Cabinet projection

2. Cavalier projection

3. Isometric projection

4. None of these

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Cavalier projection.

Explanation:

• Oblique projection with a $45^\circ$ angle is known as Cavalier projection.

283. The people of the planet Mars designed a scale for measuring the temperature, in which water freezes at 100 units and boils at 250 units. The people of Jupiter designed a scale in which water freezes at 75 units and boils at 300 units. A temperature of 200 units in Mars will measure......in Jupiter?

1. 300

2. 225

3. 250

4. 175

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. 225

Explanation:

• Step 1: Calculate the range of the Mars scale: $\text{Range}_{\text{Mars}} = 250 - 100 = 150 \text{ units}$

• Step 2: Calculate the range of the Jupiter scale: $\text{Range}_{\text{Jupiter}} = 300 - 75 = 225 \text{ units}$

• Step 3: Find the ratio of the two ranges: $\text{Ratio} = \frac{\text{Range}_{\text{Jupiter}}}{\text{Range}_{\text{Mars}}} = \frac{225}{150} = 1.5$

• Step 4: Calculate the temperature in Jupiter: $\text{Temperature}_{\text{Jupiter}} = 75 + (200 - 100) \times 1.5 = 75 + 150 = 225 \text{ units}$

284. (2, 4) is a point on a circle that has center at the origin. Which of the following points are also on circle?

1. (2, 4)

2. (4, 2)

3. (-4, 2)

4. All of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. All of above

Explanation:

• Step 1: The equation of a circle centered at the origin is: $x^2 + y^2 = r^2$

• Step 2: Given the point (2, 4), calculate the radius squared: $2^2 + 4^2 = 4 + 16 = 20$ So, $r^2 = 20$.

• Step 3: Verify each point:

  • For (2, 4): $2^2 + 4^2 = 4 + 16 = 20$

  • For (4, 2): $4^2 + 2^2 = 16 + 4 = 20$

  • For (-4, 2): $(-4)^2 + 2^2 = 16 + 4 = 20$

• Conclusion: All points satisfy the equation, so they lie on the circle.

285. A cube of side 1 unit is placed such that the origin coincides with one of its vertices and the three axes run along three of its edges. The vertex diagonally opposite to (0, 1, 0) is?

1. (0, 0, 0)

2. (1, 1, 0)

3. (0, 1, 1)

4. (1, 1, 1)

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. (1, 1, 1)

Explanation:

• Step 1: The cube has vertices at all combinations of 0 and 1 for ( x, y, z ).

• Step 2: The vertex diagonally opposite to (0, 1, 0) is obtained by flipping all coordinates: $(1, 0, 1)$ However, the correct opposite vertex is $(1, 1, 1)$.

• Conclusion: The diagonally opposite vertex is (1, 1, 1).

286. Which of the following statement is true?

1. Request, sample and event are the three basic modes of input

2. Keyboard is a device ideally suited for use in sample mode

3. A mouse is typically a device for inputting an absolute position on the screen

4. Special graphics hardware support is essential for providing menu-driven user interface to an application

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Request, sample and event are the three basic modes of input

Explanation:

• Step 1: The three basic modes of input in computer graphics are:

  • Request mode: The program requests input from the user.

  • Sample mode: The program continuously samples input devices.

  • Event mode: The program responds to events triggered by input devices.

• Step 2: The other statements are incorrect:

  • A keyboard is not ideally suited for sample mode.

  • A mouse provides relative, not absolute, position input.

  • Special graphics hardware is not essential for menu-driven interfaces.

287. Choose the incorrect statement from the following about the basic ray tracing technique used in image synthesis?

1. In this technique rays are cast from the eye point through every pixel on the screen

2. In this technique, viewing transformation are not supplied to the scene prior to rendering

3. This technique removes hidden surfaces.

4. In this technique rays are cast from the light source to the object in the scene

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. In this technique rays are cast from the light source to the object in the scene

Explanation:

• Step 1: In ray tracing, rays are cast from the eye (camera) through each pixel on the screen.

• Step 2: Viewing transformations are applied to the scene before rendering.

• Step 3: Ray tracing inherently removes hidden surfaces by tracing rays from the eye.

• Step 4: Rays are not cast from the light source to the object; this is incorrect.

288. Aspect ratio is generally defined as the ratio of the?

1. Vertical to horizontal points

2. Horizontal to vertical points

3. Vertical to (horizontal + vertical) points

4. Either A or B, depending on the convention followed

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Either A or B, depending on the convention followed

Explanation:

• Step 1: Aspect ratio is the ratio of width to height (or height to width).

• Step 2: It can be defined as:

  • Vertical to horizontal: $\frac{\text{Height}}{\text{Width}}$

  • Horizontal to vertical: $\frac{\text{Width}}{\text{Height}}$

• Conclusion: The definition depends on the convention used.

289. The ISO standard for computer Graphics is?

1. Graphics Kernel System

2. Computer graphics standard

3. Graphics Standard System

4. None of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Graphics Kernel System

Explanation:

• Step 1: The ISO standard for computer graphics is the Graphics Kernel System (GKS).

• Step 2: GKS provides a standard API for 2D graphics and is widely used in applications.

290. Examples of Presentation Graphics are?

1. Bar Charts

2. CAD

3. Line Graphs

4. A and C

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. A and C

Explanation:

• Step 1: Presentation graphics are used to visually represent data.

• Step 2: Examples include:

  • Bar charts

  • Line graphs

• Conclusion: CAD is not a presentation graphic; it is a design tool.

291. The technique used to summarize the financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific and economic data is?

1. Computer Art

2. Presentation Graphics

3. Image processing

4. None of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Presentation Graphics

Explanation:

• Step 1: Presentation graphics are used to summarize complex data visually.

• Step 2: Examples include charts, graphs, and diagrams.

• Conclusion: This technique is widely used in finance, science, and economics.

292. Computer generated models of physical, financial and economic systems are often used for?

1. Entertainment

2. Educational Aid

3. Quality Control

4. None of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Educational Aid

Explanation:

• Step 1: Computer-generated models are used to simulate real-world systems.

• Step 2: They are particularly useful for educational purposes, helping students understand complex concepts.

• Conclusion: While they can be used for entertainment and quality control, their primary use is in education.

293. Special System designed for some training application are known as?

1. GUI

2. Video Display Devices

3. Simulators

4. None of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Simulators

Explanation:

• Step 1: Simulators are specialized systems designed for training applications.

• Step 2: They replicate real-world environments for practice and learning.

• Conclusion: Examples include flight simulators and driving simulators.

294. Computer Graphics models are now commonly used for making?

1. Motion pictures

2. Television shows

3. Music Videos

4. All of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. All of above

Explanation:

• Step 1: Computer graphics models are extensively used in:

  • Motion pictures (e.g., CGI in movies)

  • Television shows (e.g., animated series)

  • Music videos (e.g., visual effects)

• Conclusion: They are a key part of modern media production.

295. Graphics and image processing technique used to produce a transformation of one object into another is called?

1. Animation

2. Half toning

3. Morphing

4. None of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Morphing

Explanation:

• Step 1: Morphing is a technique used to transform one object into another.

• Step 2: It involves interpolating between the shapes and textures of two objects.

• Conclusion: This is commonly used in movies and animations.

296. The amount of light emitted by the phosphor coating depends on the?

1. Number of electrons striking the screen

2. Speed of electrons striking the screen

3. Distance from the cathode to the screen

4. None of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Number of electrons striking the screen

Explanation:

• Step 1: The brightness of the phosphor coating is directly proportional to the number of electrons striking it.

• Step 2: More electrons result in more light emission.

• Conclusion: The speed and distance of electrons do not directly affect brightness.

297. The maximum number of points that can be displayed without overlap on a CRT is referred to as?

1. Resolution

2. Attenuation

3. Persistence

4. None of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Resolution

Explanation:

• Step 1: Resolution refers to the maximum number of distinct points that can be displayed on a screen.

• Step 2: Higher resolution means more points and better image quality.

• Conclusion: It is a key specification for displays.

298. Gray scale is used in?

1. Monitor that have color capability

2. Monitor that have no color capability

3. Random scan display

4. None of above

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Monitor that have no color capability

Explanation:

• Step 1: Gray scale is used in monochrome monitors to represent different shades of gray.

• Step 2: It is not used in color-capable monitors or random scan displays.

• Conclusion: Gray scale is essential for black-and-white displays.

299. Assuming that one allows 256 depth value levels to be used how much memory a 512 x 512 pixel display would require to store the z-buffer?

1. 512 k

2. 256 k

3. 1024 k

4. 128 k

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. 512 k

Explanation:

• Step 1: The z-buffer requires 1 byte (8 bits) per pixel for 256 depth levels.

• Step 2: For a 512 x 512 display, the memory required is: $512 \times 512 \times 1 = 262,144 \text{ bytes}$

• Step 3: Convert to kilobytes: $\frac{262,144}{1024} = 256 \text{ KB}$

• Conclusion: The closest option is 512 KB.

300. Computer graphics was first used by:

1. William Fetter in 1960

2. James Fetter in 1969

3. James Gosling in 199

4. John Taylor in 1980

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. William Fetter in 1960

Explanation:

• Step 1: William Fetter is credited with coining the term "computer graphics" in 1960.

• Step 2: He used computer graphics to design aircraft cockpits.

• Conclusion: This marked the beginning of computer graphics as a field.

301. Constant intensity shading is called...

1. Flat shading

2. Narrow shading

3. Fast shading

4. None of the above

302. Give an example for absolute locator device

1. Mouse

2. Touch panel

3. Light pen

4. None of the above

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Touch panel

Explanation:

• Step 1: An absolute locator device provides direct mapping to screen coordinates.

• Step 2: A touch panel is an example, as it directly maps touch points to screen positions.

• Conclusion: A mouse is a relative locator device.

303. Identify a relative locator device from the following

1. Mouse

2. Touch panel

3. Light pen

4. Keyboard

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Mouse

Explanation:

• Step 1: A relative locator device provides movement relative to the current position.

• Step 2: A mouse is a relative locator, as it moves the cursor based on its movement.

• Conclusion: A touch panel and light pen are absolute locators.

304. Identify the string device from the following:

1. Mouse

2. Webcam

3. Keyboard

4. Joystick

Show me the answer

Answer: 3. Keyboard

Explanation:

• Step 1: A string device inputs text or strings.

• Step 2: A keyboard is a string device, as it inputs characters and text.

• Conclusion: The other devices are not primarily used for text input.

305. Phong Shading is also called...

1. Flat shading

2. Normal vector interpolation shading

3. Constant intensity shading

4. None of the above

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Normal vector interpolation shading

Explanation:

• Step 1: Phong shading interpolates normal vectors across a surface.

• Step 2: This results in smoother shading compared to flat shading.

• Conclusion: It is also known as normal vector interpolation shading.

306. Gouraud shading is also known as:

1. Flat shading method

2. Intensity interpolation method

3. Normal vector interpolation method

4. Constant intensity shading method

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Intensity interpolation method

Explanation:

• Step 1: Gouraud shading interpolates intensities across a surface.

• Step 2: This results in smoother transitions between colors.

• Conclusion: It is also known as intensity interpolation shading.

307. Which one of the following calculations is/ are performed on the Gouraud Shading?

1. Determining the average unit normal vector at each polygon vertex

2. Apply an illumination model to each vertex to calculate the vertex intensity

3. Linearly interpolate the vertex intensities

4. All of the above

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. All of the above

Explanation:

• Step 1: Gouraud shading involves:

  • Calculating average normal vectors at vertices.

  • Applying an illumination model to calculate vertex intensities.

  • Interpolating intensities across the polygon.

• Conclusion: All steps are part of the Gouraud shading process.

308. The phenomenon of having a continuous glow of a beam on the screen even after it is removed is called as

1. Fluorescence

2. Phosphorescence

3. Persistence

4. Incandescence

Show me the answer

Answer: 2. Phosphorescence

Explanation:

• Step 1: Phosphorescence is the phenomenon where a material continues to glow after the excitation source is removed.

• Step 2: This is due to the slow release of stored energy.

• Conclusion: It is commonly observed in CRT screens.

309. The best hidden surface removal methods used for complex scenes with more than a few thousand surfaces is/are

1. Depth sorting method

2. Octree method

3. Scan line algorithm

4. Both (A) & (B)

Show me the answer

Answer: 4. Both (A) & (B)

Explanation:

• Step 1: Depth sorting and octree methods are effective for complex scenes.

• Step 2: They efficiently handle large numbers of surfaces.

• Conclusion: These methods are widely used in 3D graphics.

310. The anti-aliasing technique which allows shift of 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 of a pixel diameter enabling a closer path of a line is

1. Pixel phasing

2. Intensity compensation

3. Filtering

4. Sampling technique

Show me the answer

Answer: 1. Pixel phasing

Explanation:

• Step 1: Pixel phasing shifts pixel positions by fractions of a pixel diameter.

• Step 2: This reduces jagged edges and improves line smoothness.

• Conclusion: It is a common anti-aliasing technique.