# MCQs
### **Current Affairs MCQs: Nepal & International (2025–2026)**
#### **Section A: Nepal Current Affairs (25 Questions)**
***
### 1. When is the next general election for Nepal's House of Representatives officially scheduled?
1. November 2027
2. March 5, 2026
3. September 12, 2025
4. January 20, 2026
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. March 5, 2026
**Explanation:**
* Nepal's House of Representatives elections are scheduled for **March 5, 2026**, following the dissolution of Parliament in late 2025.
* This election marks the **third federal election** under Nepal's 2015 constitution.
* Key constitutional provisions:
* Elections must be held within **six months** of Parliament dissolution
* **President Ram Chandra Poudel** announced the date based on Election Commission recommendations
* Preparations include **voter list updates**, **polling station arrangements**, and **security planning**
* This election is significant as it will test the **stability of federal democratic system** established in 2015.
***
### 2. Who is serving as Nepal's interim Prime Minister leading into the 2026 elections?
1. Pushpa Kamal Dahal
2. K.P. Sharma Oli
3. Sushila Karki
4. Gagan Thapa
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. Sushila Karki
**Explanation:**
* **Sushila Karki**, former Chief Justice of Nepal, was sworn in as **interim Prime Minister** on September 12, 2025.
* Appointment context:
* Followed **political consensus** among major parties
* **First woman** to hold the position of Prime Minister in Nepal
* Leads a **technocratic government** focused on election management
* Mandate limited to **conducting free and fair elections**
* Key responsibilities:
* **Election preparation and security**
* **Maintaining political neutrality**
* **Economic stability during transition**
* **Foreign policy continuity**
***
### 3. What was Nepal's budget allocation for fiscal year 2025/26?
1. Rs 1.55 trillion
2. Rs 1.79 trillion
3. Rs 1.96 trillion
4. Rs 2.10 trillion
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. Rs 1.96 trillion
**Explanation:**
* Nepal's budget for FY 2025/26 stands at **Rs 1.96 trillion** (approximately $13.63 billion).
* Budget breakdown:
* **Recurrent expenditure**: Rs 1.18 trillion (60%)
* **Capital expenditure**: Rs 0.65 trillion (33%)
* **Financial management**: Rs 0.13 trillion (7%)
* Key priorities:
* **Infrastructure development** (roads, energy, irrigation)
* **Social inclusion programs** (healthcare, education subsidies)
* **Agricultural modernization**
* **Digital transformation initiatives**
* Revenue sources:
* **Tax revenue**: Rs 1.45 trillion (74%)
* **Foreign grants**: Rs 0.08 trillion (4%)
* **Internal loans**: Rs 0.43 trillion (22%)
***
### 4. Which major hydropower project is scheduled for completion in May 2026?
1. Budhigandaki Hydropower Project
2. Upper Tamakoshi Hydropower
3. Tanahu Hydropower Project
4. Dudhkoshi Hydropower Project
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. Tanahu Hydropower Project
**Explanation:**
* The **140 MW Tanahu Hydropower Project** is scheduled for **commercial operation by May 2026**.
* Project details:
* **Location**: Tanahu District, Gandaki Province
* **Capacity**: 140 MW (storage type)
* **Cost**: Approximately $505 million
* **Financing**: Asian Development Bank (ADB), Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), European Investment Bank (EIB)
* Significance:
* **First storage project** in Nepal's mid-hill region
* Will provide **peaking power** to national grid
* **Reduce power import** during dry season
* **Irrigation benefits** for agricultural lands
* Current status: **95% physical progress** as of December 2025.
***
### 5. Who is challenging KP Sharma Oli in Jhapa-5 constituency for 2026 elections?
1. Gagan Thapa
2. Balen Shah
3. Rabi Lamichhane
4. Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Balen Shah
**Explanation:**
* **Balen Shah**, Mayor of Kathmandu, is challenging **KP Sharma Oli** in his traditional **Jhapa-5 constituency**.
* Background:
* Balen Shah represents **new generation leadership**
* Has significant **youth following** across Nepal
* Campaign focuses on **anti-corruption** and **development**
* This contest symbolizes **generational shift** in Nepali politics
* Jhapa-5 significance:
* **Oli's home constituency** since 1991
* Considered **CPN-UML stronghold**
* High-stakes battle with **national implications**
* Campaign issues: **Employment**, **agricultural development**, **infrastructure improvement**
***
### 6. Which system did Nepal introduce on January 1, 2026 to track foreign nationals?
1. Biometric Tourist Pass
2. Foreign Nationals Management Information System
3. Digital Visa Verification Portal
4. Everest Entry Tracker
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Foreign Nationals Management Information System
**Explanation:**
* **Foreign Nationals Management Information System (FNMIS)** launched on **January 1, 2026**.
* System features:
* **Integrated database** linking hotels, airlines, banks
* **Real-time tracking** of foreign national movements
* **Automated reporting** for accommodation providers
* **Biometric verification** capabilities
* Objectives:
* **Enhance national security**
* **Prevent illegal activities**
* **Improve tourism statistics**
* **Streamline immigration processes**
* Implementation:
* **Pilot phase**: Kathmandu Valley
* **Full implementation**: Nationwide by July 2026
* **Training**: 5,000 hotel staff trained initially
***
### 7. What was Nepal's inflation rate in the first half of FY 2025/26?
1. 2.42%
2. 4.50%
3. 5.10%
4. 6.25%
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. 2.42%
**Explanation:**
* Nepal's **year-on-year inflation** stood at **2.42%** for the first half of FY 2025/26.
* Contributing factors to low inflation:
* **Stable food prices** due to good harvest
* **Moderate global commodity prices**
* **Tight monetary policy** by Nepal Rastra Bank
* **Reduced import demand**
* Sector-wise inflation:
* **Food and beverage**: 3.1%
* **Non-food and services**: 1.8%
* **Education**: 2.5%
* **Transportation**: 1.2%
* Economic implications:
* **Improved purchasing power**
* **Lower interest rate pressure**
* **Favorable environment for investment**
***
### 8. Which international sports event is scheduled at Everest Base Camp in May 2026?
1. South Asian Games
2. Everest Marathon
3. Himalayan Ultra Trail
4. World High-Altitude Cycling
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Everest Marathon
**Explanation:**
* The **Everest Marathon** is scheduled for **May 29, 2026** at Everest Base Camp.
* Event details:
* **Commemorates** 73rd anniversary of first Everest ascent
* **Race categories**: 70km ultra, 42km full marathon, 21km half marathon
* **Starting point**: Everest Base Camp (5,364m)
* **Finish point**: Namche Bazaar (3,440m)
* Participation:
* **200 international athletes** expected
* **100 Nepali runners**
* **30 countries** represented
* Safety measures:
* **Medical teams** at 5 checkpoints
* **Helicopter evacuation** standby
* **Altitude acclimatization** requirement
* **Weather monitoring system**
***
### 9. What is Nepal's foreign exchange reserve coverage as of early 2026?
1. 7 months of imports
2. 12 months of imports
3. 18.1 months of imports
4. 24 months of imports
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. 18.1 months of imports
**Explanation:**
* Nepal's **foreign exchange reserves** cover **18.1 months of merchandise imports** as of February 2026.
* Reserve statistics:
* **Total reserves**: Rs 3.242 trillion
* **US dollar holdings**: $9.8 billion
* **Gold reserves**: $1.2 billion
* **SDR holdings**: $0.6 billion
* Reserve adequacy:
* **IMF benchmark**: 3 months minimum
* **Nepal's position**: Well above requirement
* **Regional comparison**: Higher than South Asian average
* Contributing factors:
* **Strong remittance inflows**
* **Tourism recovery**
* **Export growth**
* **Prudent reserve management**
***
### 10. Which constituency did Gagan Thapa shift to for 2026 elections?
1. Kathmandu-4
2. Lalitpur-2
3. Sarlahi-4
4. Chitwan-3
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. Sarlahi-4
**Explanation:**
* **Gagan Thapa** shifted from **Kathmandu-4** to **Sarlahi-4** for the 2026 elections.
* Strategic considerations:
* **Expanding political base** beyond urban area
* **Addressing rural development** issues
* **Strengthening Nepali Congress** in Madhesh region
* **Personal connection**: Family roots in Sarlahi
* Sarlahi-4 characteristics:
* **Mixed population**: Madhesi, Hill communities
* **Key issues**: Agricultural development, irrigation, employment
* **Previous representation**: Various parties since 1991
* Campaign focus: **Agricultural modernization**, **industrial corridor development**, **youth employment**
***
### 11. Who was appointed Finance Minister in the interim government?
1. Om Prakash Aryal
2. Rameshwor Prasad Khanal
3. Kulman Ghising
4. Anil Kumar Sinha
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Rameshwor Prasad Khanal
**Explanation:**
* **Rameshwor Prasad Khanal** was appointed **Finance Minister** on September 15, 2025.
* Professional background:
* **Former Finance Secretary** (2010-2013)
* **Senior economic advisor** to previous governments
* **IMF consultant** on fiscal policy
* **Author** of several economic reform papers
* Key responsibilities:
* **Maintain fiscal discipline** during election period
* **Ensure budget implementation** continuity
* **Manage external debt** obligations
* **Coordinate with international financial institutions**
* Immediate priorities: **Revenue collection**, **expenditure management**, **economic stability**
***
### 12. When were National Assembly by-elections held in 2026?
1. January 10, 2026
2. January 25, 2026
3. February 15, 2026
4. March 1, 2026
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. January 25, 2026
**Explanation:**
* **National Assembly by-elections** were held on **January 25, 2026**.
* Context:
* **Vacancies** created by retirements and resignations
* **Constitutional requirement** to fill vacancies within 6 months
* **Cabinet decision** in October 2025 to hold elections
* Election process:
* **Electoral college**: Provincial Assembly members and local government representatives
* **Open voting system**
* **Independent Election Commission** oversight
* Significance:
* **Maintain legislative continuity**
* **Ensure representation balance**
* **Prepare for full Senate elections** in 2027
***
### 13. What is the US dollar exchange rate peak in January 2026?
1. Rs 135.20
2. Rs 142.15
3. Rs 147.41
4. Rs 150.00
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. Rs 147.41
**Explanation:**
* The **US dollar reached Rs 147.41** in January 2026, an **all-time high**.
* Contributing factors:
* **Strong US dollar** globally
* **High import demand** seasonally
* **Remittance pattern** fluctuations
* **Market speculation** activity
* Central bank response:
* **Intervened in forex market** to stabilize rate
* **Increased dollar supply** through banks
* **Monitored speculative activities**
* **Coordinated with monetary policy**
* Economic impact:
* **Increased import costs**
* **Higher remittance value** for recipients
* **Export competitiveness** improvement
* **Inflation pressure** concerns
***
### 14. Which political alliance was formed between Balen Shah and Rabi Lamichhane?
1. 5-point agreement
2. 7-point agreement
3. 10-point agreement
4. 12-point agreement
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. 7-point agreement
**Explanation:**
* **Balen Shah and Rabi Lamichhane** signed a **7-point agreement** in late 2025.
* Agreement highlights:
1. **Joint electoral strategy** for 2026 elections
2. **Common minimum program** for governance
3. **Anti-corruption framework**
4. **Youth employment** generation plan
5. **Local governance** reform agenda
6. **Economic transformation** roadmap
7. **National unity** and social harmony commitment
* Political significance:
* **Represents new political force**
* **Challenges traditional parties**
* **Focuses on issues rather than ideology**
* **Appeals to younger voters**
***
### 15. What is Nepal's projected economic growth rate for FY 2025/26?
1. 3.5%
2. 4.2%
3. 5.1%
4. 6.0%
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. 6.0%
**Explanation:**
* Nepal's **projected GDP growth** for FY 2025/26 is **6.0%**.
* Growth drivers:
* **Agricultural recovery** (3.8% growth)
* **Industrial expansion** (7.2% growth)
* **Services sector growth** (6.5% growth)
* **Tourism revival** (25% increase in arrivals)
* Sector contributions:
* **Agriculture**: 24% of GDP
* **Industry**: 15% of GDP
* **Services**: 61% of GDP
* Supporting factors:
* **Political stability** post-election
* **Infrastructure projects** completion
* **Foreign investment** increase
* **Export diversification**
***
### 16. Which country is the largest foreign investor in Nepal in 2025?
1. India
2. China
3. United States
4. Japan
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. China
**Explanation:**
* **China** emerged as the **largest foreign investor** in Nepal in 2025.
* Investment statistics:
* **Total Chinese investment**: $450 million
* **Number of projects**: 85 approved
* **Sectors**: Hydropower, infrastructure, manufacturing
* **Employment generated**: 15,000 jobs
* Key projects:
* **Budhigandaki Hydropower** (Chinese consortium)
* **Kathmandu-Pokhara Railway** (feasibility study)
* **Industrial parks** in various locations
* Comparative data:
* **India**: $380 million investment
* **USA**: $120 million investment
* **Japan**: $95 million investment
* **Other countries**: $155 million total
***
### 17. When did Nepal host the Sagarmatha Sambaad in 2025?
1. March 2025
2. May 2025
3. September 2025
4. November 2025
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. May 2025
**Explanation:**
* **Sagarmatha Sambaad 2025** was hosted in **May 2025**.
* Event details:
* **Theme**: "Climate Resilience in Mountain Regions"
* **Participants**: 175 delegates from 45 countries
* **Venue**: Kathmandu and Everest region
* **Organizers**: Government of Nepal with UN support
* Key outcomes:
* **Kathmandu Declaration** on mountain ecosystems
* **Global Mountain Fund** proposal
* **Research collaboration** agreements
* **Technology transfer** initiatives for adaptation
* Significance:
* **Established Nepal** as voice for mountain countries
* **Addressed glacial melt** and water security
* **Promoted sustainable tourism** in Himalayas
***
### 18. What percentage of Nepal's population has broadband internet access in 2026?
1. 45%
2. 65%
3. 78%
4. 85%
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. 78%
**Explanation:**
* **78% of Nepal's population** has access to broadband internet as of early 2026.
* Connectivity statistics:
* **Mobile broadband**: 72% coverage
* **Fixed broadband**: 28% of households
* **Fiber optic network**: 60 districts covered
* **4G coverage**: 85% population coverage
* Digital initiatives:
* **National Broadband Policy** implementation
* **Digital Nepal Framework** acceleration
* **Rural connectivity** projects
* **Digital literacy** programs
* Economic impact:
* **E-commerce growth**: 35% annually
* **Digital payments**: 45% of transactions
* **Remote work opportunities**: 500,000 workers
* **Online education**: 3 million students
***
### 19. Which Nepali airport completed its second runway in 2025?
1. Tribhuvan International Airport
2. Pokhara International Airport
3. Gautam Buddha International Airport
4. Biratnagar Airport
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Tribhuvan International Airport
**Explanation:**
* **Tribhuvan International Airport** completed its **second runway** in December 2025.
* Project details:
* **Runway length**: 3,000 meters
* **Width**: 45 meters
* **Cost**: $250 million
* **Construction time**: 3 years
* Capacity enhancement:
* **Aircraft movements**: Increase from 18 to 32 per hour
* **Passenger handling**: From 5 million to 8 million annually
* **Cargo capacity**: Double to 100,000 tons
* Safety features:
* **Category III instrument landing system**
* **Advanced weather monitoring**
* **Enhanced security systems**
* **Modern air traffic control**
***
### 20. What is Nepal's ranking in the 2025 Global Gender Gap Index?
1. 98th
2. 112th
3. 125th
4. 138th
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. 112th
**Explanation:**
* Nepal ranked **112th out of 146 countries** in the **2025 Global Gender Gap Index**.
* Index scores:
* **Economic participation**: 0.65 (rank 115)
* **Educational attainment**: 0.98 (rank 102)
* **Health and survival**: 0.97 (rank 121)
* **Political empowerment**: 0.45 (rank 56)
* Positive developments:
* **Women's political representation**: 33% in local governments
* **Girls' education**: Near parity in enrollment
* **Maternal health**: Significant improvements
* Challenges:
* **Economic participation gap**: 35% difference
* **Wage disparity**: Women earn 72% of men's wages
* **Unpaid care work**: Women spend 4x more hours
***
***
### 21. When was the "National Digital Identity System" launched in Nepal?
1. Kartik 15, 2082 BS (November 1, 2025)
2. Magh 1, 2082 BS (January 14, 2026)
3. Falgun 7, 2082 BS (February 19, 2026)
4. Chaitra 30, 2082 BS (April 12, 2026)
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Kartik 15, 2082 BS (November 1, 2025)
**Explanation:**
* The **National Digital Identity System** was launched on **Kartik 15, 2082 BS (November 1, 2025)**.
* **System features**:
* **Biometric-based unique ID** for every citizen
* **Integration** with all government services
* **Mobile app** for digital verification
* **Blockchain technology** for security
* **Implementation phases**:
* **Phase 1** (2025-2026): 5 million enrollments
* **Phase 2** (2026-2027): Nationwide coverage
* **Phase 3** (2027-2028): Service integration
* **Benefits**:
* **Reduced paperwork** in government services
* **Prevention of identity fraud**
* **Streamlined service delivery**
* **Financial inclusion** through digital identity
***
### 22. Which date was declared as "National Tourism Day" starting from 2026?
1. Baisakh 1 (April 14)
2. Jestha 15 (May 29)
3. Ashadh 30 (July 14)
4. Poush 1 (December 16)
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Jestha 15 (May 29)
**Explanation:**
* **Jestha 15 (May 29)** was declared as **National Tourism Day** starting from **2083 BS (2026 AD)**.
* **Historical significance**: Commemorates the **first successful ascent of Mount Everest** on Jestha 11, 2010 BS (May 29, 1953)
* **Annual activities**:
* **Tourism promotion campaigns** nationwide
* **Cultural festivals** in major tourist destinations
* **Special discounts** for tourists
* **Award ceremonies** for tourism contributors
* **2026 celebration plans**:
* **"Visit Nepal 2026"** campaign launch
* **International tourism conference** in Kathmandu
* **Mount Everest clean-up drive**
* **Digital tourism platform** inauguration
***
### 23. When did Nepal sign the "Trans-Himalayan Trade and Connectivity Agreement" with China?
1. Magh 5, 2082 BS (January 18, 2026)
2. Falgun 20, 2082 BS (March 5, 2026)
3. Chaitra 10, 2082 BS (March 25, 2026)
4. Baisakh 7, 2083 BS (April 20, 2026)
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Magh 5, 2082 BS (January 18, 2026)
**Explanation:**
* The **Trans-Himalayan Trade and Connectivity Agreement** was signed on **Magh 5, 2082 BS (January 18, 2026)**.
* **Key provisions**:
* **Cross-border infrastructure** development
* **Customs cooperation** and simplified procedures
* **Energy transmission** corridors
* **Digital connectivity** initiatives
* **Major projects under agreement**:
* **Kerung-Kathmandu Railway** feasibility study
* **Rasuwagadhi-Kyirong Border Economic Zone**
* **Optical fiber network** along northern border
* **Cross-border power grid** connection
* **Expected benefits**:
* **Trade volume increase** to $3 billion by 2030
* **Transit time reduction** by 40%
* **Employment generation**: 50,000 jobs
* **Tourism growth**: 25% increase in Chinese tourists
***
### 24. What is Nepal's total public debt as percentage of GDP in mid-2082 BS (2026 AD)?
1. 35.2%
2. 42.7%
3. 48.3%
4. 53.9%
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. 42.7%
**Explanation:**
* Nepal's **total public debt** stood at **42.7% of GDP** in mid-2082 BS (2026 AD).
* **Debt composition**:
* **External debt**: 25.3% of GDP ($15.2 billion)
* **Internal debt**: 17.4% of GDP ($10.4 billion)
* **Major creditors**:
* **Multilateral institutions** (World Bank, ADB): 45%
* **Bilateral partners** (China, India, Japan): 35%
* **Commercial loans**: 15%
* **Domestic market**: 5%
* **Debt sustainability indicators**:
* **Debt service to revenue ratio**: 12.5% (manageable)
* **External debt to export ratio**: 180% (moderate risk)
* **Debt to GDP trend**: Increased from 38% in 2080 BS
* **Risk management measures**:
* **Debt ceiling** of 50% of GDP maintained
* **Concessional loan preference**
* **Debt management strategy** implementation
***
### 25. When was the "National Climate Change Policy 2082" approved?
1. Shrawan 15, 2082 BS (July 30, 2025)
2. Bhadra 30, 2082 BS (September 14, 2025)
3. Kartik 25, 2082 BS (November 11, 2025)
4. Poush 10, 2082 BS (December 25, 2025)
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. Kartik 25, 2082 BS (November 11, 2025)
**Explanation:**
* The **National Climate Change Policy 2082** was approved on **Kartik 25, 2082 BS (November 11, 2025)**.
* **Key objectives**:
* **Reduce greenhouse gas emissions** by 45% by 2030
* **Increase forest cover** to 45% by 2030
* **Climate-resilient infrastructure** development
* **Renewable energy target** of 15,000 MW by 2030
* **Sectoral targets**:
* **Energy**: 100% clean cooking by 2030
* **Transport**: 20% electric vehicles by 2030
* **Agriculture**: Climate-smart practices adoption
* **Water**: Integrated water resource management
* **Funding mechanism**:
* **Climate Change Fund** with $500 million initial capital
* **International climate finance** mobilization
* **Private sector participation** incentives
* **Carbon trading** framework development
***
### 26. Which date marks the completion of "Mid-Hill Highway" Phase II?
1. Chaitra 30, 2082 BS (April 12, 2026)
2. Baisakh 15, 2083 BS (April 28, 2026)
3. Jestha 30, 2083 BS (June 13, 2026)
4. Ashadh 15, 2083 BS (June 28, 2026)
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Chaitra 30, 2082 BS (April 12, 2026)
**Explanation:**
* **Mid-Hill Highway Phase II** was completed on **Chaitra 30, 2082 BS (April 12, 2026)**.
* **Project details**:
* **Total length**: 1,150 km (completed sections)
* **Cost**: Rs 250 billion
* **Construction period**: 2017-2026 (10 years)
* **Districts connected**: 24 districts across hills
* **Technical specifications**:
* **Road width**: 8.5 meters (two lanes)
* **Bridges**: 150 major bridges constructed
* **Tunnels**: 5 tunnels totaling 8 km
* **Design speed**: 60 km/hour
* **Economic impact**:
* **Travel time reduction**: 40% average
* **Agricultural market access**: 2 million farmers
* **Tourism development**: 50 new destinations
* **Industrial corridors**: 15 planned along highway
***
### 27. When was the "Nepal-India Petroleum Pipeline Extension" inaugurated?
1. Falgun 7, 2082 BS (February 19, 2026)
2. Chaitra 1, 2082 BS (March 15, 2026)
3. Baisakh 10, 2083 BS (April 23, 2026)
4. Jestha 5, 2083 BS (May 18, 2026)
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Falgun 7, 2082 BS (February 19, 2026)
**Explanation:**
* The **Nepal-India Petroleum Pipeline Extension** was inaugurated on **Falgun 7, 2082 BS (February 19, 2026)**.
* **Project details**:
* **Extension length**: 135 km (Amlekhgunj to Lothar)
* **Capacity**: 2 million metric tons annually
* **Cost**: Rs 4.5 billion
* **Construction time**: 18 months
* **Technical features**:
* **Pipeline diameter**: 12 inches
* **Pumping stations**: 3 new stations
* **Storage capacity**: 75,000 kiloliters additional
* **Automation system**: SCADA-controlled operations
* **Benefits**:
* **Supply security**: 30-day strategic reserve
* **Cost reduction**: Rs 2 per liter transportation cost saving
* **Environmental impact**: Reduced tanker traffic (500 fewer trucks daily)
* **Employment**: 500 direct jobs during construction
***
### 28. What is Nepal's maternal mortality rate per 100,000 live births in 2082 BS (2025/26 AD)?
1. 151
2. 168
3. 186
4. 203
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. 168
**Explanation:**
* Nepal's **maternal mortality rate** reduced to **168 per 100,000 live births** in 2082 BS (2025/26 AD).
* **Progress timeline**:
* **2080 BS (2023/24)**: 186
* **2081 BS (2024/25)**: 177
* **2082 BS (2025/26)**: 168 (target achieved)
* **SDG target for 2030**: 70
* **Key interventions**:
* **Institutional deliveries**: Increased to 85%
* **Skilled birth attendance**: 90% coverage
* **Emergency obstetric care**: 75% facilities equipped
* **Postnatal care**: 80% mothers receiving care
* **Regional disparities**:
* **Province 1**: 145
* **Province 2**: 195
* **Bagmati Province**: 128
* **Karnali Province**: 235
* **Future targets**: **120 by 2030** (SDG acceleration)
***
### 29. When was the "National Payment Switch" integrated with Indian systems?
1. Poush 20, 2082 BS (January 3, 2026)
2. Magh 15, 2082 BS (January 28, 2026)
3. Falgun 25, 2082 BS (March 8, 2026)
4. Chaitra 10, 2082 BS (March 23, 2026)
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Magh 15, 2082 BS (January 28, 2026)
**Explanation:**
* **Nepal's National Payment Switch** integrated with **India's Unified Payments Interface (UPI)** on **Magh 15, 2082 BS (January 28, 2026)**.
* **System integration features**:
* **Cross-border QR payments** enabled
* **Real-time fund transfer** between Nepal and India
* **Interoperability** with 50+ Indian banks
* **Multi-currency support** (NPR and INR)
* **Technical specifications**:
* **Transaction limit**: Rs 100,000 per transaction
* **Processing time**: Less than 10 seconds
* **Security**: Two-factor authentication
* **Charges**: 0.5% maximum (lower for small transactions)
* **Expected usage**:
* **Trade payments**: $500 million annually
* **Remittance flows**: 20% through digital channels
* **Tourist spending**: Digital payment option
* **Student transactions**: Education fee payments
***
### 30. What percentage of Nepal's electricity is from renewable sources in 2082 BS (2025/26)?
1. 85%
2. 92%
3. 96%
4. 99%
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. 96%
**Explanation:**
* **96% of Nepal's electricity** comes from **renewable sources** in 2082 BS (2025/26).
* **Energy mix breakdown**:
* **Hydropower**: 94% (2,800 MW installed capacity)
* **Solar**: 1.5% (45 MW installed)
* **Wind**: 0.3% (9 MW installed)
* **Biomass**: 0.2% (6 MW installed)
* **Import from India**: 4% (mostly thermal during dry season)
* **Recent achievements**:
* **Electricity access**: 98% of population
* **Per capita consumption**: 450 kWh (up from 150 kWh in 2072 BS)
* **Export to India**: 450 MW peak export capacity
* **Grid stability**: 99.5% uptime
* **Future targets**:
* **5,000 MW** by 2030
* **100% renewable** by 2040
* **Energy export hub** for South Asia
***
#### **Section B: International Current Affairs 2025-2026 (25 Questions)**
***
### 31. When will the 2026 FIFA World Cup opening match be held?
1. June 8, 2026
2. June 11, 2026
3. June 15, 2026
4. June 18, 2026
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. June 11, 2026
**Explanation:**
* The **2026 FIFA World Cup opening match** is scheduled for **June 11, 2026**.
* **Host details**:
* **Venue**: Estadio Azteca, Mexico City, Mexico
* **Capacity**: 87,523 spectators
* **Historical significance**: First stadium to host three World Cup opening matches (1970, 1986, 2026)
* **Tournament format**:
* **Teams**: 48 (expanded from 32)
* **Host nations**: USA, Canada, Mexico (joint hosting)
* **Matches**: 80 total matches
* **Duration**: June 11 - July 19, 2026
* **Opening ceremony**:
* **Theme**: "Football Unites the World"
* **Performers**: International and North American artists
* **Estimated viewership**: 1.5 billion globally
* **Economic impact**: $5 billion expected revenue
***
### 32. When did the United States withdraw from the International Solar Alliance?
1. January 15, 2026
2. February 1, 2026
3. March 10, 2026
4. April 5, 2026
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. January 15, 2026
**Explanation:**
* The **United States withdrew from the International Solar Alliance (ISA)** on **January 15, 2026**.
* **Background**:
* **US joined ISA**: November 2021
* **Withdrawal notice**: October 2025 (3 months notice)
* **Official withdrawal**: January 15, 2026
* **Reasons cited**:
* **Strategic priorities shift** to domestic solar manufacturing
* **ISA governance concerns**
* **Duplicate efforts** with other international initiatives
* **Funding reallocation** needs
* **Impact on ISA**:
* **Membership**: Reduced from 125 to 124 countries
* **Funding**: $50 million annual contribution loss
* **Leadership**: India and France continue co-presidency
* **Programs**: Solar projects in 75 countries continue
* **US alternative**: **Global Solar Energy Partnership** launched in February 2026
***
### 33. When are the 2026 Winter Olympics scheduled?
1. February 6-22, 2026
2. February 10-26, 2026
3. February 14-28, 2026
4. February 18- March 6, 2026
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. February 6-22, 2026
**Explanation:**
* The **2026 Winter Olympics** are scheduled from **February 6 to 22, 2026**.
* **Host details**:
* **Host cities**: Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy
* **Motto**: "Dreaming Together"
* **Venues**: 13 competition venues across 2 clusters
* **Event statistics**:
* **Sports**: 16 sports, 116 events
* **Athletes**: 2,900 expected participants
* **Countries**: 90+ National Olympic Committees
* **Volunteers**: 12,000 required
* **Sustainability features**:
* **85% existing venues** (minimal new construction)
* **100% renewable energy** for games
* **Carbon neutral** target
* **Zero waste** policy implementation
* **Legacy projects**:
* **Alpine training center** in Cortina
* **Ice sports facility** in Milan
* **Winter sports promotion** in schools
***
### 34. When did the United States declare English as its national language?
1. March 1, 2025
2. March 15, 2025
3. March 20, 2025
4. March 25, 2025
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. March 20, 2025
**Explanation:**
* The **United States declared English as its national language** on **March 20, 2025**.
* **Legislative process**:
* **Bill**: "English Language Unity Act of 2025"
* **House vote**: 245-190 (March 10, 2025)
* **Senate vote**: 52-48 (March 18, 2025)
* **Presidential signing**: March 20, 2025
* **Key provisions**:
* **Official government business** in English
* **Naturalization requirements**: English proficiency
* **Government publications**: Primarily in English
* **Exceptions**: Emergency services, public health, voting materials
* **Controversies**:
* **Civil rights concerns**: Language discrimination
* **Immigration impact**: Additional barriers
* **Cultural diversity**: Suppression concerns
* **Practical implementation**: Cost and logistics
* **Historical context**:
* **Previous attempts**: Multiple since 1981
* **State-level**: 32 states had official English laws
* **Federal level**: First national declaration
***
### 35. When was Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah sworn in as Namibia's first female president?
1. March 15, 2025
2. March 21, 2025
3. March 25, 2025
4. March 30, 2025
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. March 21, 2025
**Explanation:**
* **Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah** was sworn in as **Namibia's first female president** on **March 21, 2025**.
* **Political background**:
* **Previous position**: Vice President (2020-2025)
* **Party**: SWAPO (South West Africa People's Organization)
* **Election**: Won with 58% vote in November 2024 elections
* **Historical significance**:
* **First woman president** in Namibia's history
* **Third female head of state** in Southern Africa
* **Age at inauguration**: 71 years
* **Key policy priorities**:
* **Economic diversification**: Reduce diamond dependency
* **Youth unemployment**: 46% rate addressing
* **Green hydrogen development**: $10 billion investment plan
* **Regional stability**: SADC leadership role
* **International reactions**:
* **UN Secretary-General**: Congratulatory message
* **African Union**: Celebration of gender milestone
* **Neighboring countries**: South Africa, Botswana congratulations
***
### 36. Which country holds BRICS chairship for 2026?
1. Brazil
2. Russia
3. India
4. China
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. India
**Explanation:**
* **India holds the BRICS chairship** for the entire year of **2026**.
* **Timeline**:
* **Assumed chairship**: January 1, 2026
* **Summit dates**: October 22-24, 2026
* **Venue**: New Delhi, India
* **Theme**: "BRICS: Building Responsive, Inclusive and Collective Solutions"
* **Key priorities**:
* **Economic cooperation**: Local currency trade expansion
* **Digital transformation**: BRICS digital economy partnership
* **Health security**: Pandemic preparedness framework
* **Climate action**: Just energy transition partnership
* **Membership expansion**:
* **New members** (joined 2024): Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, Argentina
* **Total members**: 11 countries
* **GDP share**: 37% of global GDP (PPP)
* **Population**: 46% of world population
* **Major initiatives**:
* **BRICS Payment System** development
* **Contingent Reserve Arrangement** expansion
* **New Development Bank** capital increase
***
### 37. When was Japan's wooden satellite "LignoSat" launched?
1. March 15, 2026
2. April 10, 2026
3. May 5, 2026
4. June 1, 2026
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. April 10, 2026
**Explanation:**
* **Japan's wooden satellite "LignoSat"** was launched on **April 10, 2026**.
* **Launch details**:
* **Rocket**: H3 rocket from Tanegashima Space Center
* **Orbit**: Low Earth Orbit (400 km altitude)
* **Mission duration**: 6 months planned
* **Satellite specifications**:
* **Material**: Magnolia wood (specially treated)
* **Dimensions**: 10 cm cube
* **Weight**: 1 kg
* **Cost**: $500,000 development cost
* **Scientific objectives**:
* **Material testing**: Wood behavior in space
* **Environmental impact**: Compare with metal satellites
* **Burn-up study**: Complete disintegration upon re-entry
* **Temperature resistance**: -150°C to +150°C testing
* **Environmental significance**:
* **Reduces space debris**: Complete burn-up reduces orbital debris
* **Sustainable material**: Alternative to aluminum
* **Research collaboration**: Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry
* **Future applications**: Larger wooden structures in space
***
### 38. When did India allocate annual grant to Nepal in its 2026 budget?
1. February 1, 2026
2. February 15, 2026
3. February 28, 2026
4. March 5, 2026
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. February 1, 2026
**Explanation:**
* **India allocated annual grant to Nepal** in its **Union Budget presented on February 1, 2026**.
* **Grant details**:
* **Amount**: INR 8 billion (approximately Rs 12.91 billion)
* **Purpose**: Development projects and capacity building
* **Sector allocation**:
* **Infrastructure**: 40% (roads, bridges, irrigation)
* **Education**: 25% (schools, technical training)
* **Health**: 20% (hospital equipment, rural health)
* **Governance**: 15% (digital governance, training)
* **Historical context**:
* **Previous year (2025)**: INR 8 billion
* **Trend**: Consistent allocation since 2019
* **Largest sector**: Cross-border infrastructure
* **Implementation mechanism**:
* **Indian Embassy in Kathmandu**: Project coordination
* **Nepal government**: Project identification
* **Joint monitoring**: Quarterly review meetings
* **Transparency portal**: Real-time project tracking
***
### 39. When was the National Conference of State Election Commissioners held in New Delhi?
1. February 10-12, 2026
2. February 15-17, 2026
3. February 20-22, 2026
4. February 25-27, 2026
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. February 15-17, 2026
**Explanation:**
* The **National Conference of State Election Commissioners** was held from **February 15-17, 2026** in New Delhi.
* **Venue**: Bharat Mandapam, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi
* **Host**: Election Commission of India
* **Participants**:
* **State Election Commissioners**: 28 states and 8 union territories
* **International observers**: 15 countries
* **Election technology companies**: 25 exhibitors
* **Civil society organizations**: 50 representatives
* **Key agenda items**:
* **Electoral reforms** standardization
* **Voter registration** modernization
* **Campaign finance** transparency
* **Social media regulation** during elections
* **EVMs and VVPATs** security enhancement
* **Significant outcomes**:
* **Common electoral roll** framework adopted
* **Digital voting** pilot project approval
* **Election integrity** charter signed
* **Capacity building** program launched
***
### 40. When did India and Brazil hold their first "2+2 Ministerial Dialogue"?
1. January 20, 2026
2. January 25, 2026
3. January 30, 2026
4. February 5, 2026
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. January 25, 2026
**Explanation:**
* **India and Brazil held their first "2+2 Ministerial Dialogue"** on **January 25, 2026**.
* **Participants**:
* **India**: External Affairs Minister & Defence Minister
* **Brazil**: Foreign Minister & Defence Minister
* **Venue**: Brasília, Brazil
* **Key discussion points**:
* **Defense cooperation**: Joint military exercises, technology transfer
* **Trade enhancement**: Target $15 billion bilateral trade by 2030
* **Climate partnership**: Amazon and Himalayan ecosystem collaboration
* **Multilateral coordination**: UN Security Council reform, BRICS cooperation
* **Agreements signed**:
* **Defense Cooperation Agreement**: Military training exchange
* **Space Collaboration MoU**: Satellite data sharing
* **Trade Facilitation Agreement**: Customs cooperation
* **Cultural Exchange Program**: Enhanced people-to-people ties
* **Strategic significance**:
* **Global South partnership** strengthening
* **Counterbalance** to traditional alliances
* **South-South cooperation** model
* **Diversification** of international partnerships
***
### 41. What was declared as the International Year for 2026 by the UN?
1. International Year of Millets
2. International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists
3. International Year of Glaciers
4. International Year of Artificial Intelligence
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists
**Explanation:**
* The **United Nations declared 2026** as the **International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists**.
* **Approval process**:
* **UN General Assembly resolution**: December 2024
* **Lead agency**: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
* **Co-organizers**: UNEP, UNDP, IUCN
* **Objectives**:
* **Raise awareness**: About rangeland importance (covering 54% of Earth's land surface)
* **Support pastoralists**: 200 million people globally
* **Sustainable management**: Combat desertification and land degradation
* **Climate resilience**: Carbon sequestration in rangelands
* **Key activities planned**:
* **Global assessment**: State of World's Rangelands report
* **Policy dialogues**: National and regional consultations
* **Capacity building**: Pastoralist communities support
* **Research funding**: $50 million global research fund
* **Related designation**: **2026 also declared** as International Year of the Woman Farmer
***
### 42. When did India celebrate its 77th Republic Day in 2026?
1. January 25, 2026
2. January 26, 2026
3. January 27, 2026
4. January 30, 2026
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. January 26, 2026
**Explanation:**
* **India celebrated its 77th Republic Day** on **January 26, 2026**.
* **Historical significance**: Commemorates adoption of **Indian Constitution** on January 26, 1950
* **2026 celebrations**:
* **Parade venue**: Kartavya Path, New Delhi
* **Chief Guest**: President of France
* **Theme**: "India: Mother of Democracy"
* **Key highlights**:
* **Military display**: New missile systems unveiled
* **Cultural performances**: 25 states represented
* **Tableaux**: 30 tableaux showcasing development achievements
* **Award ceremonies**: 150 gallantry awards distributed
* **Special features 2026**:
* **Women's contingent**: All-women marching contingent from three services
* **Technology showcase**: AI and drone demonstrations
* **Environmental focus**: Electric vehicle parade segment
* **International participation**: 15 country military bands
***
### 43. Who won Women's Doubles at Australian Open 2026?
1. Sania Mirza and Martina Hingis
2. Elise Mertens and Zhang Shuai
3. Coco Gauff and Jessica Pegula
4. Aryna Sabalenka and Elise Mertens
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Elise Mertens and Zhang Shuai
**Explanation:**
* **Elise Mertens (Belgium) and Zhang Shuai (China)** won the **Women's Doubles title at Australian Open 2026**.
* **Tournament details**:
* **Dates**: January 19 - February 1, 2026
* **Venue**: Melbourne Park, Australia
* **Prize money**: $650,000 for winning pair
* **Final match**:
* **Opponents**: Beatriz Haddad Maia (Brazil) / Laura Siegemund (Germany)
* **Score**: 6-4, 3-6, 6-3
* **Duration**: 2 hours 15 minutes
* **Winning pair statistics**:
* **Mertens**: 4th Grand Slam doubles title
* **Zhang**: 3rd Grand Slam doubles title
* **Partnership**: First tournament together
* **Rankings**: Both entered top 5 in doubles after win
* **Historical context**:
* **First Chinese player** to win Australian Open doubles since 2006
* **First Belgian winner** since 2011
* **Unseeded pair** winning the title
***
### 44. Which Indian state led in renewable energy capacity in early 2026?
1. Rajasthan
2. Tamil Nadu
3. Gujarat
4. Maharashtra
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. Gujarat
**Explanation:**
* **Gujarat led Indian states** in **renewable energy capacity** as of early 2026.
* **Capacity statistics** (as of January 2026):
* **Gujarat**: 25,500 MW total renewable capacity
* **Breakdown**:
* **Solar**: 18,000 MW
* **Wind**: 6,500 MW
* **Other**: 1,000 MW (biomass, small hydro)
* **Rajasthan**: 22,800 MW (2nd position)
* **Tamil Nadu**: 20,500 MW (3rd position)
* **Maharashtra**: 18,200 MW (4th position)
* **Key projects in Gujarat**:
* **Dholera Solar Park**: 5,000 MW capacity (world's largest)
* **Rann of Kutch Wind Farm**: 2,000 MW capacity
* **Hybrid projects**: Solar-wind hybrid parks
* **Green hydrogen**: 1 million tons annual production target
* **National context**:
* **India's total**: 180,000 MW renewable capacity
* **2030 target**: 500,000 MW
* **Solar dominance**: 55% of renewable mix
* **Wind contribution**: 35% of renewable mix
***
### 45. What platform for women entrepreneurs was announced in India's 2026-27 budget?
1. Mahila E-haat
2. SHE-Mart
3. Shakti Hub
4. Nari Vyapar
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. SHE-Mart
**Explanation:**
* **SHE-Mart** platform for women entrepreneurs was announced in **India's Union Budget 2026-27**.
* **Budget announcement date**: February 1, 2026
* **Platform features**:
* **Digital marketplace**: E-commerce platform for women-led businesses
* **Funding access**: Direct credit linkage with banks
* **Mentorship**: Digital mentorship from successful women entrepreneurs
* **Training**: Online business development courses
* **Financial allocation**:
* **Initial funding**: Rs 500 crore ($60 million)
* **Credit guarantee**: Rs 2,000 crore ($240 million) guarantee fund
* **Subsidies**: 50% subsidy on digital marketing for first year
* **Target beneficiaries**:
* **Micro enterprises**: 100,000 women entrepreneurs in first year
* **Rural women**: 40% reservation for rural businesses
* **Sectors**: Handicrafts, food processing, textiles, services
* **Implementation**:
* **Lead agency**: Ministry of Women and Child Development
* **Partners**: NITI Aayog, Small Industries Development Bank
* **Launch timeline**: April 1, 2026
* **Target**: 1 million women entrepreneurs by 2030
***