> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://nec-license.gitbook.io/books/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://nec-license.gitbook.io/books/8.-software-engineering-and-object-oriented-analysis-and-design/mcqs/set-4.md).
# set-4
#### 151. Degree to which design specifications are followed in manufacturing the product is called
1. Quality Control
2. Quality of conformance
3. Quality Assurance
4. Quality confirmed
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Quality of conformance
**Explanation:**
* Quality of conformance refers to the degree to which the product adheres to the design specifications during manufacturing. It ensures that the product meets the intended design and quality standards.
#### 152. \_\_\_\_\_\_ is not included in External failure costs.
1. Testing
2. Technical support
3. Warranty work
4. Complaint resolution
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Testing
**Explanation:**
* Testing is not an external failure cost. External failure costs include technical support, warranty work, and complaint resolution, which arise after the product has been delivered to the customer.
#### 153. Which option is not true about SQA...?
1. Audits and reviews to be performed by the team
2. Amount of technical work to be performed
3. Evaluations to be performed
4. Documents that are produced by the SQA team.
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Amount of technical work to be performed
**Explanation:**
* The amount of technical work to be performed is not a part of the Software Quality Assurance (SQA) plan. SQA focuses on audits, reviews, evaluations, and documentation to ensure quality.
#### 154. \_\_\_\_\_\_ is not an appraisal cost in SQA.
1. Inter-process inspection
2. Maintenance
3. Quality planning
4. Testing
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Maintenance
**Explanation:**
* Maintenance is not an appraisal cost in Software Quality Assurance (SQA). Appraisal costs include inter-process inspection, quality planning, and testing, which are activities aimed at ensuring quality.
#### 155. \_\_\_\_\_\_ identifies, documents, and verifies that corrections have been made to the software?
1. Project leader
2. Project team
3. SQA group
4. Trainer
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. SQA group
**Explanation:**
* The Software Quality Assurance (SQA) group is responsible for identifying, documenting, and verifying that corrections have been made to the software. They ensure that defects are resolved and quality standards are met.
#### 156. Quality Management in software engineering is also known as \_\_\_\_\_\_.
1. SQA
2. SQM
3. SQL
4. SQA and SQM
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. SQA and SQM
**Explanation:**
* Quality Management in software engineering is also known as Software Quality Assurance (SQA) and Software Quality Management (SQM). Both focus on ensuring that the software meets quality standards.
#### 157. Quality in software can be looked at in terms of user satisfaction which includes
1. A compliant product
2. Good quality output
3. Delivery within budget and schedule
4. All of the mentioned
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. All of the mentioned
**Explanation:**
* Quality in software can be measured in terms of user satisfaction, which includes delivering a compliant product, good quality output, and meeting budget and schedule constraints. All these factors contribute to user satisfaction.
#### 158. According to Pareto’s principle, \_\_\_\_\_\_ % of defects can be traced to \_\_\_\_\_\_ % of all causes.
1. 60, 40
2. 70, 30
3. 80, 20
4. 20, 80
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. 80, 20
**Explanation:**
* Pareto’s principle states that 80% of defects can be traced to 20% of all causes. This principle is often used in quality management to focus on the most significant issues.
#### 159. Which of the following is not an appraisal cost in SQA?
1. Inter-process inspection
2. Maintenance
3. Quality planning
4. Testing
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Maintenance
**Explanation:**
* Maintenance is not an appraisal cost in Software Quality Assurance (SQA). Appraisal costs include inter-process inspection, quality planning, and testing, which are activities aimed at ensuring quality.
#### 160. SQA group \_\_\_\_\_\_ that corrections have been made to the software?
1. Identifies
2. Documents
3. Verifies
4. All of the mentioned
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. All of the mentioned
**Explanation:**
* The Software Quality Assurance (SQA) group identifies, documents, and verifies that corrections have been made to the software. They ensure that defects are resolved and quality standards are met.
#### 161. \_\_\_\_\_\_ is involved in Statistical quality assurance.
1. Using sampling in place of exhaustive testing of software
2. Surveying customers to find out their opinions about product quality
3. Tracing each defect to its underlying cause, isolating the "vital few" causes, and moving to correct them
4. Tracing each defect to its underlying causes and using the Pareto principle to correct each problem found
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. Tracing each defect to its underlying cause, isolating the "vital few" causes, and moving to correct them
**Explanation:**
* Statistical Quality Assurance (SQA) involves tracing each defect to its underlying cause, isolating the most significant causes (the "vital few"), and taking corrective actions to improve quality.
#### 162. A quality assurance system may be defined as the,
1. Organizational structure
2. Responsibilities, procedures, processes
3. Resources for implementing quality management
4. All of the mentioned above
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. All of the mentioned above
**Explanation:**
* A quality assurance system includes the organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes, and resources for implementing quality management. All these elements are essential for ensuring quality.
#### 163. Statistical quality assurance reflects a growing trend throughout the industry to become more quantitative about quality.
1. True
2. False
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. True
**Explanation:**
* Statistical Quality Assurance (SQA) reflects a growing trend in the industry to use quantitative methods to measure and improve quality. It involves data-driven decision-making and analysis.
#### 164. \_\_\_\_\_\_ implies in, Statistical quality assurance.
1. Information about software errors and defects is collected and categorized
2. An attempt is made to trace each error and defect to its underlying cause
3. Uses the Pareto principle
4. All of the mentioned above
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. All of the mentioned above
**Explanation:**
* Statistical Quality Assurance (SQA) involves collecting and categorizing information about errors and defects, tracing them to their underlying causes, and using the Pareto principle to focus on the most significant issues.
#### 165. \_\_\_\_\_\_ for Software Engineering is the most widely used strategy for statistical quality assurance in industry.
1. Six Sigma
2. Two Sigma
3. Four Sigma
4. Five sigma
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Six Sigma
**Explanation:**
* Six Sigma is the most widely used strategy for statistical quality assurance in the software engineering industry. It focuses on reducing defects and improving process quality through data-driven methods.
#### 166. According to ISO 9001, inspection and testing comes under \_\_\_\_\_\_ management responsibility
1. Process control
2. Framework control
3. Control of nonconforming products
4. Project control
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Process control
**Explanation:**
* According to ISO 9001, inspection and testing are part of process control. This ensures that processes are monitored and controlled to maintain product quality.
#### 167. \_\_\_\_\_\_ is the latest ISO 9001 version in the ISO 9000 family.
1. ISO 9001:1996
2. ISO 9001:2002
3. ISO 9001:2009
4. ISO 9001:2015
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. ISO 9001:2015
**Explanation:**
* The latest version of ISO 9001 in the ISO 9000 family is ISO 9001:2015. It provides guidelines for quality management systems and emphasizes risk-based thinking.
#### 168. Which of the following represents India in ISO?
1. PFRDA
2. FDDI
3. BIS
4. BCCI
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. BIS
**Explanation:**
* The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) represents India in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It is responsible for standardization and quality certification in India.
#### 169. \_\_\_\_\_\_ is/are the advantage(s) of using the ISO 9001 standard.
1. Organizing processes
2. Improving the efficiency of processes
3. Continuous improvement
4. Organizing processes, improving the efficiency of processes, and continuous improvement
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. Organizing processes, improving the efficiency of processes, and continuous improvement
**Explanation:**
* The ISO 9001 standard helps in organizing processes, improving process efficiency, and promoting continuous improvement. These advantages contribute to better quality management and customer satisfaction.
#### 170. Which is the only standard in the ISO 9000 family to which organizations can certify?
1. ISO 9000
2. ISO 9001
3. ISO 16000
4. ISO 9007
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. ISO 9001
**Explanation:**
* ISO 9001 is the only standard in the ISO 9000 family to which organizations can certify. It provides requirements for a quality management system and is widely used for certification.
#### 171. Which ISO standard provides guidelines for auditing management systems?
1. ISO 19011:2018
2. ISO 9011:2015
3. ISO 9001:2015
4. ISO 9000:2018
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. ISO 19011:2018
**Explanation:**
* ISO 19011:2018 provides guidelines for auditing management systems, including quality management systems. It helps organizations conduct effective audits to ensure compliance and improvement.
#### 172. \_\_\_\_\_\_ ISO standard provides guidance to achieve sustained success and the continuous improvement of an organization.
1. ISO 1901:2018
2. ISO 9000:2015
3. ISO 9001:2019
4. ISO 9004:2018
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. ISO 9004:2018
**Explanation:**
* ISO 9004:2018 provides guidance for achieving sustained success and continuous improvement in an organization. It focuses on enhancing performance and achieving long-term success.
#### 173. \_\_\_\_\_\_ is not a quality management principle on the basis of which ISO 9000:2015 and ISO 9001:2015 are based on.
1. Customer focus
2. Leadership
3. Customer dissatisfaction
4. Evidence based decision making
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. Customer dissatisfaction
**Explanation:**
* Customer dissatisfaction is not a quality management principle. ISO 9000:2015 and ISO 9001:2015 are based on principles such as customer focus, leadership, and evidence-based decision making.
#### 174. Six Sigma methodology defines three core steps.
1. Analyze, improve, control
2. Analyze, validate, verify
3. Define, measure, analyze
4. Define, metric, control
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. Define, measure, analyze
**Explanation:**
* The Six Sigma methodology defines three core steps: Define, Measure, and Analyze. These steps are part of the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) process used for process improvement.
#### 175. \_\_\_\_\_\_ is Six Sigma.
1. It is the most widely used strategy for statistical quality assurance
2. The “Six Sigma” refers to six standard deviations
3. It is the most widely used strategy for statistical quality assurance AND The “Six Sigma” refers to six standard deviations
4. A Formal Technical Review (FTR) guideline for quality walkthrough or inspection
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. It is the most widely used strategy for statistical quality assurance AND The “Six Sigma” refers to six standard deviations
**Explanation:**
* Six Sigma is both a widely used strategy for statistical quality assurance and a reference to six standard deviations in a process. It aims to reduce defects and improve process quality.
#### 176. The primary objective of formal technical reviews is to find \_\_\_ during the process so that they do not become defects after release of the software.
1. Errors
2. Equivalent faults
3. Failure reason
4. Cost vs benefit
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Errors
**Explanation:**
* The primary objective of formal technical reviews is to find errors during the development process so that they can be corrected before the software is released. This helps prevent defects in the final product.
#### 177. An informal review may consist of \_\_\_.
1. Casual meeting
2. Correction
3. Inspection
4. Pair programming
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Casual meeting
**Explanation:**
* An informal review may consist of a casual meeting where team members discuss the software without following a formal process. It is less structured than formal reviews like inspections.
#### 178. \_\_\_\_\_\_ are objectives for FTR.
1. Allow senior staff members to correct errors
2. Assess programmer productivity
3. Determining who introduced an error into a program
4. Uncover errors in software work products
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. Uncover errors in software work products
**Explanation:**
* The primary objective of Formal Technical Reviews (FTR) is to uncover errors in software work products. This helps ensure that defects are identified and corrected early in the development process.
#### 179. Review summary report answers \_\_\_.
1. Terminate project, Replace producer, Request a time extension.
2. What defects were found, What caused defects, Who was responsible
3. What was reviewed, Who reviewed it, What were the findings
4. None of the given options
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. What was reviewed, Who reviewed it, What were the findings
**Explanation:**
* The review summary report answers questions such as what was reviewed, who reviewed it, and what the findings were. It provides a summary of the review process and outcomes.
#### 180. What complements the formal technical review by assessing a configuration object for characteristics that are generally not considered during review?
1. Software configuration audit
2. Software configuration process
3. Baseline
4. Software configuration integration
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Software configuration audit
**Explanation:**
* A software configuration audit complements the formal technical review by assessing a configuration object for characteristics that are generally not considered during the review. It ensures that the configuration meets the required standards.
#### 181. \_\_\_\_\_\_ is the use of CMMI.
1. Decreases risks in software
2. Encouraging a productive
3. Streamlines process improvement
4. All of the mentioned above
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. All of the mentioned above
**Explanation:**
* The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is used to decrease risks in software, encourage productivity, and streamline process improvement. It provides a framework for improving processes and achieving higher levels of maturity.
#### 182. The CMMI was developed to combine multiple \_\_\_ into one framework.
1. Meta model
2. Business maturity models
3. Bootstrap
4. Data model
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Business maturity models
**Explanation:**
* The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) was developed to combine multiple business maturity models into one framework. It provides a unified approach to process improvement across different domains.
#### 183. \_\_\_\_\_\_ CMMI's Maturity Levels are defined in a process meta-model.
1. Eight
2. Six
3. Five
4. Seven
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 3. Five
**Explanation:**
* The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) defines five maturity levels in a process meta-model. These levels range from Initial (Level 1) to Optimizing (Level 5), representing increasing levels of process maturity.
#### 184. CMMI is the successor to CMM and combines a number of maturity models,
1. True
2. False
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. True
**Explanation:**
* CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) is the successor to CMM (Capability Maturity Model) and combines multiple maturity models into a single framework for process improvement.
#### 185. CMM helps to solve the \_\_\_\_\_\_ by defining a set of practices.
1. PSP and TSP
2. Maturity problem
3. People CMM
4. All of the above
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Maturity problem
**Explanation:**
* The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) helps solve the maturity problem by defining a set of practices that organizations can follow to improve their processes and achieve higher levels of maturity.
#### 186. CMM reference model are known as \_\_\_\_\_\_.
1. Software CMM
2. People CMM
3. Systems Engineering CMM
4. All of the mentioned above
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. All of the mentioned above
**Explanation:**
* CMM reference models include Software CMM, People CMM, and Systems Engineering CMM. These models provide frameworks for improving processes in different domains.
#### 187. When we say that the XYZ organization is CMMI Level 5 company, we describe its stage by \_\_\_\_\_\_
1. Verified
2. Optimized
3. Insured
4. Managed
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Optimized
**Explanation:**
* A CMMI Level 5 company is described as being at the "Optimized" stage. At this level, the organization focuses on continuous process improvement and innovation to achieve optimal performance.
#### 188. Abbreviation of the term CMMI is capability \_\_\_\_\_\_
1. Maturity Model Integration
2. Material Maturity Integration
3. Manual Model Integration
4. Maturity Modification integration
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Maturity Model Integration
**Explanation:**
* CMMI stands for Capability Maturity Model Integration. It is a framework for improving processes and achieving higher levels of maturity in an organization.
#### 189. Which is a software configuration management concept that helps us to control change without seriously impeding justifiable change?
1. Baselines
2. Source code
3. Object model
4. Meta model
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Baselines
**Explanation:**
* Baselines are a software configuration management concept that helps control changes without impeding justifiable changes. A baseline represents a stable version of the software that can be used as a reference point.
#### 190. Software Configuration Management can be administered in several ways. These include
1. A single software configuration management team for the whole organization
2. A separate configuration management team for each project
3. Software Configuration Management distributed among the project members
4. None of the mentioned
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. None of the mentioned
**Explanation:**
* Software Configuration Management (SCM) can be administered in various ways, including having a single team for the organization, separate teams for each project, or distributing SCM responsibilities among project members. All these approaches are valid.
#### 191. \_\_\_\_\_\_ combines procedures and tools to manage different versions of configuration objects that are created during the software process.
1. Change control
2. Version control
3. Error control
4. Iteration control
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Version control
**Explanation:**
* Version control combines procedures and tools to manage different versions of configuration objects created during the software process. It ensures that changes are tracked and managed effectively.
#### 192. What complements the formal technical review by assessing a configuration object for characteristics that are generally not considered during review?
1. Software configuration audit
2. Change management
3. Baseline
4. Software configuration process
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Software configuration audit
**Explanation:**
* A software configuration audit complements the formal technical review by assessing a configuration object for characteristics that are generally not considered during the review. It ensures that the configuration meets the required standards.
#### 193. The Software Configuration Management (SCM) is called the umbrella activity.
1. False
2. True
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. True
**Explanation:**
* Software Configuration Management (SCM) is called an umbrella activity because it spans across all phases of the software development lifecycle. It ensures that changes are managed and controlled throughout the project.
#### 194. \_\_\_\_\_\_ is the main aim of Software Configuration Management.
1. Identify change
2. Control change
3. To ensure that the change is being properly implemented
4. All of these
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. All of these
**Explanation:**
* The main aim of Software Configuration Management (SCM) is to identify changes, control changes, and ensure that changes are properly implemented. These activities help maintain the integrity of the software.
#### 195. \_\_\_\_\_\_ is not tracked by configuration management tools.
1. Tracking of change proposals
2. Storing versions of system components
3. Tracking the releases of system versions to customers
4. None of the mentioned
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. None of the mentioned
**Explanation:**
* Configuration management tools track change proposals, store versions of system components, and track releases of system versions to customers. All these activities are essential for effective configuration management.
#### 196. \_\_\_\_\_\_ is not a Software Configuration Management Activity.
1. Configuration item identification
2. Risk management
3. Release management
4. Branch management
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Risk management
**Explanation:**
* Risk management is not a Software Configuration Management (SCM) activity. SCM activities include configuration item identification, release management, and branch management.
#### 197. The definition and use of configuration management standards is essential for quality certification in
1. ISO 9000
2. CMM
3. CMMI
4. All of the mentioned
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. All of the mentioned
**Explanation:**
* The definition and use of configuration management standards are essential for quality certification in ISO 9000, CMM, and CMMI. These standards ensure that changes are managed and controlled effectively.
#### 198. \_\_\_\_\_\_ involves preparing software for external release and keeping track of the system versions that have been released for customer use.
1. Error Management
2. Release management
3. Change management
4. Configuration management
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 2. Release management
**Explanation:**
* Release management involves preparing software for external release and keeping track of the system versions that have been released to customers. It ensures that the correct versions are delivered and maintained.
#### 199. Which of the following term is best defined by the statement “The creation of a new codeline from a version in an existing codeline”?
1. Branching
2. Merging
3. Validating
4. Verifying
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 1. Branching
**Explanation:**
* Branching is the process of creating a new codeline from an existing codeline. It allows for parallel development and version control in software projects.
#### 200. \_\_\_\_\_\_ is a part of system release.
1. Electronic and paper documentation describing the system
2. Packaging and associated publicity that have been designed for that release
3. An installation program that is used to help install the system on target hardware
4. All of the mentioned
Show me the answer
**Answer:** 4. All of the mentioned
**Explanation:**
* A system release includes electronic and paper documentation, packaging and publicity materials, and an installation program. All these components are essential for delivering the system to customers.